Dynamic Change Trend of Different Concentrations Dazomet Fumigation on the Microorganisms Environment in the Soil of Old Apple Orchard

XU Shaozhuo; WANG Yikun; WANG Ke; CHEN Xuesen; SHEN Xiang; YIN Chengmiao; MAO Zhiquan

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.02.043

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Dynamic Change Trend of Different Concentrations Dazomet Fumigation on the Microorganisms Environment in the Soil of Old Apple Orchard

更新时间：2025-03-12

- Dynamic Change Trend of Different Concentrations Dazomet Fumigation on the Microorganisms Environment in the Soil of Old Apple Orchard
- Vol. 32, Issue 2, Pages: 290-297(2018)
- 作者机构：
  
  山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院，作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东,泰安,271018
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.02.043
  CLC： S154.3;S661.1
- Published：2018
- 稿件说明：
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XU Shaozhuo, WANG Yikun, WANG Ke, et al. Dynamic Change Trend of Different Concentrations Dazomet Fumigation on the Microorganisms Environment in the Soil of Old Apple Orchard[J]. 2018, 32(2): 290-297.
DOI：

XU Shaozhuo, WANG Yikun, WANG Ke, et al. Dynamic Change Trend of Different Concentrations Dazomet Fumigation on the Microorganisms Environment in the Soil of Old Apple Orchard[J]. 2018, 32(2): 290-297. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2018.02.043.

摘要

通过向25年老龄苹果园土壤中施入不同浓度（T1，0.02‰；T2，0.1‰；T3，0.5‰）的棉隆，利用微生物平板培养、荧光定量PCR（qPCR）、微生物碳源利用（biolog-ECO）、末端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）、生物多样性指数Biodap等方法研究不同浓度棉隆熏蒸下土壤可培养微生物（细菌、真菌）数量、群落结构及其多样性指数随时间变化的演变趋势，并进行平邑甜茶盆栽验证，以期为减轻苹果连作障碍筛选棉隆浓度提供理论依据。结果表明：0.1‰的棉隆施用量对连作土壤再植平邑甜茶幼苗的生长促进作用最为显著。老龄苹果园土壤中微生物数量随棉隆施用量的增大而显著性降低，30天时，各处理（T1、T2、T3）可培养细菌数量较CK分别降低了57%，81%，87%，可培养真菌数量（T1、T2、T3）较CK分别降低了75%，81%，100%，层出镰孢菌基因（F.Proliferatum）拷贝数较CK分别降低了57%，80%，85%；微生物单一碳源利用率（biolog-ECO）结果表明，微生物活性（用平均每孔颜色变化率（AWCD）表示）在熏蒸后的土壤中随时间逐渐恢复，但施加浓度越高，恢复速度越慢，30天时，T1（0.02‰）的AWCD显著低于CK；60天时，该处理的AWCD已与CK无差异，而T3（0.5‰）AWCD直到90天时仍显著低于CK；微生物T-RFLP主成分分析表明，各处理均改变了老龄苹果园土微生物群落结构，棉隆施用浓度越大，群落改变越显著，但高浓度熏蒸下的群落结构很不稳定，随时间波动明显；聚类分析显示，随时间推移，T1（0.02‰），T2（0.1‰）与CK的群落结构相似度逐渐升高，并逐渐向CK移动。而T3（0.5‰）始终与CK保持低相似度；在微生物多样性分析中，T3（0.5‰）对微生物多样性指数（Shannon index）与丰富度指数（Margalef index）降低程度最为显著。

Abstract

In order to select the optimal concentration of dazomet for old apple orchard soil fumigation

a pot experiment was carried out. The pot experiment was designed to have 4 concentration treatments

i.e. Treatment CK(0

untreated old orchard soil)

Treatment T1(0.02‰)

Treantment T2(0.1‰)

Treatment T3(0.5‰). All the pots in the experiment were filled up with the same soil from a 25 years old apple orchard. And the dynamic change of soil culturable microorganisms number(bacteria

fungi)

community structure and diversity index under different concentrations dazomet fumigation was studied using microorganisms plate culture

a real-time quantitative PCR（qPCR）

biolog-Eco and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods.The results showed that the soil microorganism number significantly decreased with the increase of applying dazomet content. At 30th day

compared with the control

the (T1

T3) bacteria number reduced by 57%

81% and 87%

the fungi number reduced by 75%

81%

100%. The gene copy numbe of Fusarium proliferatum which analysised by Real-time PCR was reduced by 57%

80%

85%. Biolog-Eco showed microbial activity (using the average well development

AWCD) recovered gradually in the soil after fumigation

but the applied concentration was higher

the recovery speed was slower. At 30th day

AWCD of T1(0.02‰) significantly lower than that of CK

the processing AWCD had no difference with CK when 60 days

but AWCD of T3(0.5‰) was still significantly lower than that of CK until 90 days. T-RFLP principal component analysis showed that all treatments changed the soil microbial community structure in old apple orchard. Dazomet concentration was greater

the more significant change of microbial community

but community structure was not very stable under high concentration of dazomet fumigation. Cluster analysis showed that the community structure of T1 and T2 became more and more similar to that of CK over time

while the community structure of T3(0.5‰) always kept low similarity with CK. Microbial diversity analysis showed that Shannon index and Margalef index of T3(0.5‰) significantly reduced

Simpson index improved. In conclusion

0.5‰ dose of dazomet fumigation could significantly reduce microbial number and activity

change the microbial community and slow the recovery of microorganisms.

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