Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture Content Measuring and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Wheat Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Distribution

JIN Xiukuan1; 2

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.02.039

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Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture Content Measuring and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Wheat Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Distribution

更新时间：2024-11-07

- Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture Content Measuring and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Wheat Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Distribution
- Vol. 31, Issue 2, Pages: 233-239(2017)
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北,保定,071000
  2. 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京,100097
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.02.039
  CLC： S512.7;S275;S143.1
- Published：2017
- 稿件说明：
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JIN Xiukuan1, 2. Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture Content Measuring and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Wheat Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Distribution[J]. 2017, 31(2): 233-239.
DOI：

JIN Xiukuan1, 2. Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture Content Measuring and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Wheat Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Distribution[J]. 2017, 31(2): 233-239. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2017.02.039.

摘要

采用田间试验裂区设计方法，研究了测墒补灌和施氮对冬小麦产量及氮素吸收分配的影响。补灌设3个水平

在冬小麦拔节期0—40 cm土层补灌至土壤目标相对含水量的60%（W1），70%（W2）和80%（W3）。施氮设3个水平：不施氮（N0）、施纯氮195 kg/hm2（N195）和255 kg/hm2（N255）。结果表明：(1)不同补灌和施氮对冬小麦关键生育期株高、叶面积影响效果较为显著，同一补灌处理下，其冬小麦株高、叶面积均表现为N255＞N195＞N0（p＜0.05）。N195、N255处理显著高于N0处理，但N195及N255处理间无显著性差异（p＞0.05），同一施氮处理下，W2（569.4 m3/hm2）、W3（873.45 m3/hm2）处理显著高于W1（265.2 m3/hm2）处理，但W2及W3处理间无显著性差异（p＞0.05）。说明过量施氮和补灌对冬小麦株高、叶面积无显著性作用。（2）同一施氮水平下，补灌对冬小麦的增产效应随施氮量的增加呈下降趋势，说明施氮和补灌对冬小麦产量存在一定的临界值，超过临界值，产量下降。当施氮量为195 kg/hm2，补灌量为田间持水量的70%（569.4 m3/hm2）时达最高产8 500 kg/hm2。(3)冬小麦成熟期，施氮处理的植株氮素积累量显著高于不施氮处理（p＜0.05），但在W2、W3处理下，N255相较于N195显著下降（p＜0.05），特别是在W3（873.45 m3/hm2）水平下，N255甚至低于N0处理；在N0、N195处理下，植株氮素积累量随补灌量的增加显著增加（p＜0.05），但在N255处理下并无显著差异（p＞0.05），说明适量补灌、施氮可提高冬小麦的吸氮能力，但过量补灌、施氮并不利于植株对氮素的吸收。(4)拔节期补灌量的增加虽提高了冬小麦的吸氮能力，促进冬小麦吸收较多的氮素，却抑制了冬小麦体的氮素向籽粒的转移和分配。综合考虑冬小麦生长状况及氮素风险状况，建议施氮量为195 kg/hm2、补灌至田间持水量的70%(569.4 m3/hm2)，作为该区域适宜的水、肥用量。

Abstract

In this study

a field experiment was performed by using split-plot to investigate the effects of supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application on winter wheat yield

nitrogen absorption and distribution. Based on measured soil moisture content in 0—40 cm soil layers at the jointing stage of wheat

three irrigation levels were designed in main plots

which could make the moisture content of target soil reach 60%（W1）

70%（W2）

and 80%（W3）. In the sub-plots

three nitrogen levels were designed

0 kg/hm2 (N0)

195 kg/hm2 (N195)

and 255 kg/hm2 (N255). The results were as follows: (1) Supplemental irrigation and nitrogen application had significant effects on plant height and leaf area of winter wheat. For the same irrigation treatments

plant height and leaf area of followed the order of N255＞N195＞N0（p＜0.05），under the same nitrogen application treatments

plant height and leaf area in W2（569.4 m3/hm2） and W3（873.45 m3/hm2） were significantly higher than that in W1（265.2 m3/hm2）（p＜0.05）

but the differences between W2 and W3 were not significant（p＞0.05）

indicating that excessive nitrogen application and irrigation had no significant influence on the plant height and leaf area of winter wheat. (2) Under the same nitrogen application treatments

the threshold response to wheat yield was observed under different ratios of N application and irrigation

the highest yield (8 500 kg/hm2) was reached under the N195 and W2 (569.4 m3/hm2). (3) During the maturity stage of winter wheat

under W2 and W3

nitrogen accumulation under N255 was significantly lower than that under N195（p＜0.05）; especially for N255

nitrogen application had no significant influence on nitrogen accumulation

indicating that appropriate irrigation and nitrogen application could increase’s ability to absorb nitrogen. (4) Though wheat nitrogen absorption increased with t increasing amount of water irrigation

nitrogen distribution proportion in the grain was reduced. Considering the growth status of winter wheat and nitrogen risk status

a N level of 195 kg/hm2 and an irrigation rate of 70% field capacity (569.4 m3/hm2) is suitable for water and fertilizer application in this region.

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