Simulation of Runoff Hydraulics Parameters and Sediment Yield at Loess Tilled Slope

ZHANG Huihui; TA Na; ZHANG Hui; DONG Yan; TIAN Long; ZHANG Qingfeng

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2016.05.019

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Simulation of Runoff Hydraulics Parameters and Sediment Yield at Loess Tilled Slope

更新时间：2025-03-12

- Simulation of Runoff Hydraulics Parameters and Sediment Yield at Loess Tilled Slope
- Vol. 30, Issue 5, Pages: 112-118(2016)
- 作者机构：
  
  西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌,712100
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2016.05.019
  CLC： S157.1
- Published：2016
- 稿件说明：
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ZHANG Huihui, TA Na, ZHANG Hui, et al. Simulation of Runoff Hydraulics Parameters and Sediment Yield at Loess Tilled Slope[J]. 2016, 30(5): 112-118.
DOI：

ZHANG Huihui, TA Na, ZHANG Hui, et al. Simulation of Runoff Hydraulics Parameters and Sediment Yield at Loess Tilled Slope[J]. 2016, 30(5): 112-118. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2016.05.019.

摘要

为了明确连续降雨条件下黄土坡耕地微地形的径流产沙及水力学特征，基于4种坡度（5°

10°

15°

25°）、4种耕作方式（直线坡、人工锄耕、人工掏挖、等高耕作）和2种雨强（60 mm/h

120 mm/h）的组合，通过室内模拟连续90 min降雨试验，对不同坡面的径流泥沙特征和水力学参数进行了定量分析和计算。结果表明：4种耕作措施的径流量和产沙量均遵循一致的规律，从大到小均为直线坡>人工锄耕>人工掏挖>等高耕作，直线坡的径流量和产沙量分别是等高耕作坡面的2倍和2.3倍，其水土保持效应依次增强；相同耕作方式下，与60 mm/h雨强相比，120 mm/h雨强下的径流量由1.04 kg/min增大到3.02 kg/min，雨强对径流量的影响显著；径流量和泥沙量随时间均呈现对数变化趋势；相同降雨历时下，坡面流随雨强和坡度的增大

从层流和缓流向紊流和急流发展，加剧了水土流失。耕作方式、雨强和坡度是影响黄土坡耕地侵蚀产沙过程及水力学特征的重要因素。因此，通过实施有效的保护性耕作、削弱坡度效应将有助于黄土坡耕地的水土保持。

Abstract

The objective of this paper was to illustrate the mutual influence of runoff & sediment characteristic as well as its hydraulic parameters under different slope gradients (5°

10°

15°

25°)

tillage measures (no treatment

artificial backhoe plowing

artificial digging plowing

contour tillage) and rainfall intensities (60 mm/h

120 mm/h). Successive rainfall of 90-minutes duration was performed in the rainfall simulation laboratory of the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau. Runoff and sediment were collected once per two minutes when runoff came forth. Results showed that the amount of runoff and sediment of slopes with different tillage measures were in an order: no treatment＞artificial backhoe plowing＞artificial digging plowing＞contour tillage. This behavior illustrated that their soil & water conservation effects enhanced sequentially. At loess slopes with same tillage method

their runoff increased significantly from 1.04 kg/min to 3.02 kg/min under the rainfall intensity of 120 mm/h when compared with the rainfall intensity of 60 mm/h

and the rainfall intensity had a great impact on runoff. Simultaneously

runoff and sediment amount were logarithmically increased with rainfall duration. Under the same rainfall duration

overland flow transformed from the transitional and subcritical flows to the turbulent and supercritical flows with the increase of rainfall intensity and slope gradient

thereby exacerbating the soil erosion. Tillage

rainfall intensity and slope gradient were critically important factors which affected slope erosion process

sediment yield and its hydraulics features. Thus

the adoption of effective conservation tillage

weakness of slope effect will contribute to the soil and water conservation at the loess sloping land on the Loess Plateau.

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CHEN Lei1,2,LI Zhan-bin1,LI Peng1,MU Jun3,JIA Lian-lian1(1.Key Lab.of Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology of MOE at Xaut,Xian,Shaanxi 710048,2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Fesources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,3.Xian Research Academic of Environmental Sciences,,)

中科院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌7121002. 西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,陕西西安,7100483. 西安市环境保护科学院

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University

Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control(Hunan University), Ministry of Education

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