The distributions of 137 Cs in the profile of sedimentation points from cultivated and uncultivated region in red soil were analyzed and described. Results showed that there was a turning point at about 17cm in both profiles. The inventory of 137 Cs in cultivated sediment was higher than that of uncultivated. The sedimentation rate of both sediment points was about 1.03 cm/a from 1963 according to the position of peak. But it was about 0.74 cm/a in recent two decades according to 137 Cs distribution. The result also suggested that the erosion rate became smaller in recent years. There was a good relationship between organic matter and 137 Cs. It could be inferred that the distribution of 137 Cs in erosion sediment may be used as an effective measure to assess the work of water and soil conservation.