The driving factors of land use is one of the hot and key component of land use and cover change research (LUCC). The Loess Plateau of China

because of its serious soil and water erosion problem

was designated as one of the three experimental sites in 1999 of the practice on returning cultivated slope land to woodland or grassland. On the basis of statistics

the impact of arable land use change was discussed in this paper. The case study was chosen in Ansai County

which is one of typical hilly areas of Loess Plateau. Both the quality and quantity changes of the arable land were analysis by the help of SPSS statistical software. The result indicated that the change of arable land quantity was influenced mainly by the population change and the change of arable land quality was impacted more deep by the yearly precipitation. The driving forces of arable land use change should be paid attention in order to ensure the success of practice on returning cultivated slope land to woodland or grassland. The ecological benefit and economic rule should be pay attention to at the same time.