The exploitation of water and soil resources is always the core problem of oases agriculture development.This paper studied and analysed the succession process of soil characteristic along the latitude in the Manas river.The result showed that from mountain region to the desert

the soil nutrient is shown from high to low

among them the obvious downward trend appears in the organic content.At the same time

the salt in the layer of soil has experienced from low to high then to low.In the alluviation fan and the top of alluvial plain

the soil salt form gathering is strong

that is to say

the content of salt relatively high in the layer of soil

but reduced in the bottom of soil.At the bottom of valley

the salt content increase from upper and bottom of soil

especially at the desert edge

this kind of trend is more obvious.Differentiation of soil characteristic was exited in mountain-basin system

and agriculture development should follow this rule.At last

the direction on the reasonable exploration and efficiency utilization of water and soil were put forward.