1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西 杨凌 712100
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所黄河三角洲现代农业 工程实验室,北京 100101
3.中科山东东营地理研究院,山东 东营 257509
4.西北农林科技大学 水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所),陕西 杨凌 712100
于晓(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤物理研究。E-mail: joeyuxiao@163.com
黄明斌(1968—),男,博士,研究员,主要从事生态水文和土壤物理研究。E-mail: hmbd@nwafu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-09-09,
修回:2025-10-15,
录用:2025-10-20,
网络首发:2025-12-19,
纸质出版:2026-04-01
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于晓,任利东,贾小旭,等.半干旱区耕作模式对砂质土壤结构及玉米生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):308-317.
YU Xiao, REN Lidong, JIA Xiaoxu, et al. Impact of tillage practices on sandy soil structure and maize growth in semi-arid regions[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(2):308-317.
于晓,任利东,贾小旭,等.半干旱区耕作模式对砂质土壤结构及玉米生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):308-317. DOI: DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.022. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.022.
YU Xiao, REN Lidong, JIA Xiaoxu, et al. Impact of tillage practices on sandy soil structure and maize growth in semi-arid regions[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(2):308-317. DOI: DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.022. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.022.
目的
2
为研究不同耕作模式对半干旱区砂质土壤结构与旱作玉米生长的影响,明确不同耕作模式通过改变土壤结构、土壤持水能力和根系生长性状进而影响作物产量。
方法
2
以陕西定边砂黄土为研究对象,设置翻耕(深度30 cm)、旋耕(深度15 cm)和免耕+秸秆覆盖3种耕作模式,研究其对土壤物理性质及玉米生长的影响。
结果
2
1)不同耕作模式显著改变土体穿透阻力垂直构型,翻耕模式土壤穿透阻力通体较小,无明显犁底层,而旋耕与免耕条件下存在明显的亚表层压实;2)0~20 cm土层土壤体积质量表现为翻耕和旋耕<免耕,而20~40 cm为旋耕、免耕>翻耕,40~60 cm则表现为免耕<翻耕;3)土壤持水能力0~20 cm为免耕>旋耕>翻耕,20~40 cm翻耕持水能力最大,而玉米生长季0~40 cm土壤储水量免耕条件下最大;4)翻耕降低耕层穿透阻力,改善土壤通气性,促进玉米根系生长,地上生物量、穗干重分别为旋耕的1.33、2.10倍,免耕的1.94、3.39倍。
结论
2
翻耕通过优化耕层土壤结构和根系生长环境提高玉米产量,而免耕在深层土壤保水方面有优势,但短期而言存在表层土壤紧实度高的问题。
Objective
2
This study aims to investigate the effects of different tillage practices on soil structure and rainfed maize growth in sandy soil in semi-arid regions, and to clarify how different tillage practices affect crop yield by altering soil structure, soil water-holding capacity, and root growth characteristics.
Methods
2
Taking sandy loess in Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province as the research object, three tillage practices were set up: ploughing (depth 30 cm), rotary tillage (depth 15 cm), and no-tillage + straw mulching, to investigate their effects on soil physical properties and maize growth.
Results
2
1) Different tillage practices significantly changed the vertical profile of soil penetration resistance. The soil penetration resistance under ploughing was generally low, with no obvious plow pan, while pronounced subsurface compaction was observed under both rotary tillage and no-tillage. 2) Soil bulk density in the 0-20 cm soil layer was lower under ploughing and rotary tillage than under no-tillage. In the 20-40 cm layer, rotary tillage and no-tillage had higher bulk density than ploughing. In the 40-60 cm layer, no-tillage showed lower bulk density than ploughing. 3) Soil water-holding capacity in the 0-20 cm layer followed the order: no-tillage > rotary tillage > ploughing. In the 20-40 cm layer, ploughing had the highest water-holding capacity. During the maize growing season, soil water storage in the 0-40 cm layer was highest under no-tillage. 4) Ploughing reduced penetration resistance in the ploughing layer, improved soil aeration, and promoted maize root growth. Aboveground biomass and ear dry weight were 1.33 and 2.10 times greater than those under rotary tillage, and 1.94 and 3.39 times greater than those under no-tillage, respectively.
Conclusion
2
Ploughing improves maize yield by optimizing the soil structure of the ploughing layer and root growth environment, while no-tillage has advantages in water conservation in deep soil but suffers from high surface soil compaction in the short term.
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