西藏农牧大学资源与环境学院,西藏 林芝 860000
赵鸿博(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀原理研究。E-mail:1660257228@qq.com
喻武(1981—),男,博士,教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀原理和生态修复研究。E-mail:yuwu4270@126.com
收稿:2025-09-03,
修回:2025-10-06,
录用:2025-10-13,
网络首发:2025-12-10,
纸质出版:2026-04-01
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赵鸿博,周金龙,史伯豪,等.青藏高原坡面土壤流失对冻融作用的响应与模拟[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):214-222.
ZHAO Hongbo, ZHOU Jinlong, SHI Bohao, et al. Response and simulation of slope soil loss to freeze-thaw action on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(2):214-222.
赵鸿博,周金龙,史伯豪,等.青藏高原坡面土壤流失对冻融作用的响应与模拟[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):214-222. DOI: DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.018. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.018.
ZHAO Hongbo, ZHOU Jinlong, SHI Bohao, et al. Response and simulation of slope soil loss to freeze-thaw action on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(2):214-222. DOI: DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.018. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.018.
目的
2
冻融作用是影响高寒地区土壤侵蚀的主要因素,青藏高原具有显著的季节性冻融循环规律,冬季土壤冻结,初春时期解冻,为明确坡面侵蚀对冻融作用的响应。
方法
2
以高寒土为研究对象,通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,分析不同降雨强度(40、60、80 mm/h)与坡度(5°、10°、15°、20°)组合下冻融作用对坡面侵蚀输沙模数的影响,同时构建3种输沙模数预测模型:单因子模型、回归模型和增量模型。
结果
2
1)经冻融作用后的坡面输沙模数显著提升16.74%~86.87% (
p
<
0.05),低雨强(40 mm/h)条件下增幅最大,平均提升54.37%,高于高雨强(60、80 mm/h),高雨强条件可掩盖部分冻融作用影响。2)冻融前后坡面输沙模数与雨强或坡度单因子均呈线性正相关(
y
=
ax
+
b
),且雨强与坡度对输沙模数的影响相互依赖具有交互作用。未冻融坡面中,随着坡度的增加,雨强对输沙模数的影响逐渐增强,经冻融作用后,雨强对输沙模数的影响存在临界坡度(约15°),坡度增至临界坡度时,雨强对输沙模数的影响达最大,随后开始减弱。3)采用逐步回归方法建立未冻融输沙模型
T
c
1=
0.047 43
SQ
+1.842 4
Q
-66.33(
R
2
=0.99,
p
<
0.05),冻融输沙模型
T
c
2=
0.016 012
Q
2
+0.065 52
SQ
-10.09(
R
2
=0.98,
p
<
0.05),坡面输沙模数主要受雨强及雨强与坡度的交互作用影响。冻融前,雨强对输沙模数的实际贡献率解释度为70.58%,交互作用解释度为28.50%,误差解释度为0.91%,经冻融作用后,雨强对输沙模数的解释度降至57.60%,而交互作用解释度增至40.44%,表明冻融作用削弱雨强对输沙模数的直接效应,但强化雨强与坡度的交互作用。
结论
2
研究结果可为高寒区侵蚀定量评估及防治提供理论依据。
Objective
2
Freeze-thaw (F-T) action is a major factor influencing soil erosion in cold regions. The Qinghai–Xizang Plateau experiences pronounced seasonal F-T cycles, with soil freezing in winter and thawing in early spring. This study aims to elucidate the response of slope erosion to F-T action.
Methods
2
Using alpine soil as the study material, a series of indoor simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of F-T action on slope erosion and
sediment transport modulus
under combinations of different rainfall intensities (40, 60, and 80 mm/h) and slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°). Furthermore, three prediction models of sediment transport modulus were established: a single-factor model, a regression model, and an incremental model.
Results
2
1) After the F-T action, the sediment transport modulus on the slope increased significantly (
p
<
0.05), with an increase ranging from 16.74% to 86.87%. Under low rainfall intensity (40 mm/h), the increase was the most pronounced, with an average rise of 54.37%, which was higher than those under higher rainfall intensities (60 and 80 mm/h). High rainfall intensity tended to mask part of the F-T action on erosion. 2) Both before and after F-T, the sediment transport modulus exhibited a linear positive correlation wi
th rainfall intensity and slope gradient (
y
=
ax
+
b
), and their effects showed an interactive relationship. On non-F-T slopes, as the slope gradient increased, the influence of rainfall intensity on sediment transport modulus gradually strengthened. After F-T action, there was a critical slope gradient (about 15°) for the effect of rainfall intensity on sediment transport modulus. When the slope gradient increased to this critical value, the effect of rainfall intensity reached its maximum and subsequently began to weaken. 3) Stepwise regression was used to establish the non-F-T sediment transport model
T
c
1
=0.047 43
SQ
+1.842 4
Q
-66.33 (
R
²=0.99,
p
<
0.05) and the F-T sediment transport model
T
c
2
=0.016 012
Q
²+0.065 52
SQ
-10.09 (
R
²=0.98,
p
<
0.05). The slope sediment transport modulus was mainly influenced by rainfall intensity and the interaction between rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Before F-T, rainfall intensity explained 70.58% of the variance in sediment transport modulus, and the interaction effect explained 28.50%, with a residual error of 0.91%. After F-T, the explanatory power of rainfall intensity decreased to 57.60%, while that of the interaction effect increased to 40.44%. These results indicated that F-T action weakened the direct effect of rainfall intensity on sediment transport modulus but enhanced its interaction with slope gradient.
Conclusion
2
The research findings can provide a theoretical basis for the quantitative assessment and control of soil erosion in alpine regions.
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