1.北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083
2.北京水木芳泽生态科技有限公司,北京 100036
张涵(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤水文研究。E⁃mail: zhanghan_27@bjfu.edu.cn
程金花(1979—),女,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事森林水文研究。E⁃mail: Jinhua_cheng@ 126.com
收稿:2025-08-05,
修回:2025-09-26,
录用:2025-09-30,
网络首发:2025-12-24,
纸质出版:2026-04-01
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张涵,程金花,王姣,等.喀斯特地区林草地植被根系分布对优先流特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):186-194.
ZHANG Han, CHENG Jinhua, WANG Jiao, et al. Effects of vegetation root distribution on preferential flow characteristics in woodland and grassland of karst areas[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(2):186-194.
张涵,程金花,王姣,等.喀斯特地区林草地植被根系分布对优先流特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):186-194. DOI: DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.010. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.010.
ZHANG Han, CHENG Jinhua, WANG Jiao, et al. Effects of vegetation root distribution on preferential flow characteristics in woodland and grassland of karst areas[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(2):186-194. DOI: DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.010. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.010.
目的
2
为揭示喀斯特地区不同植被类型根系分布对优先流的影响。
方法
2
以云南建水典型林地和草地作为研究对象,通过染色示踪试验与根系参数量化分析,比较林地与草地的优先流特征及根系特征差异,结合Pearson相关性分析与多元逐步回归分析方法,探讨根系特征参数与不同径级的根系对染色面积比的影响。
结果
2
1)林地与草地2种立地条件下根系分布特征差异显著,草地中根系直径以0~3 mm为主,且显著多于林地(
p
<
0.05),林地中根径
>
4.5 mm占比24%以上;2)优先流特征呈现显著分异,草地中的基质流深度是林地的1.37倍(
p
<
0.05),但林地中优先流发育程度更高,优先流变异系数、长度指数、优先流比分别是草地的1.26、1.48、1.54倍;3)根系特征对染色面积比变化贡献显著,但因植被类型而异,草地1.5 mm
<
d
≤3 mm径级根系(
R
2
=0.853)与林地0
<
d
≤1.5 mm径级根系(
R
2
=0.758)分别主导染色面积比变化,林地和草地中直径
>
4.5 mm根系的影响均未达显著水平。
结论
2
在水源涵养林的营建和生态护坡设计中,可优先考虑以细根比例较高的草本或灌木植被作为先锋物种,以提升土壤入渗性能与水分保持能力,从而提升整体生态系统的水文调节功能。
Objective
2
To reveal the influence of root distribution of different vegetation types on preferential flow in karst areas.
Methods
2
This study selected typical woodland and grassland in Jianshui, Yunnan as the research objects. The preferential flow and root characteristics in woodland and grassland were compared using dye tracer experiments and quantitative analysis of root parameters. Combined with Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis, the effects of root characteristic parameters and root length densities (RLD) of various diameter classes on stained area ratio were explored.
Results
2
1) The root distribution characteristics differed significantly between the two vegetation types of woodland and grassland. Roots with diameters of 0-3 mm were dominant in grassland, significantly more abundant than in woodland (
p
<
0.05), while roots with diameters
>
4.5 mm accounted for over 24% in woodland. 2) Preferential flow characteristics showed significant differentiation. The matrix flow depth in grassland was 1.37 times that of woodland (
p
<
0.05), yet woodland exhibited stronger preferential flow development. The coefficient of variation, length index, and preferential flow ratio in woodland were 1.26, 1.48, and 1.54 times higher than those in grassland, respectively. 3) Root characteristics made significant contributions to variations in stained area ratio, but this varied with vegetation type. In grassland, roots with 1.5 mm
<
d
≤3 mm dominated the variation (
R
²=0.853), while in woodland, the 0
<
d
≤1.5 mm diameter class was the primary driver (
R
²=0.758). In contrast, roots with diameters
>
4.5 mm had no significant effect in either vegetation type.
Conclusion
2
In the construction of water conservation forests and the design of ecological slope protection, herbaceous or shrub vegetation with a high proportion of fine roots can be prioritized as pioneer species to enhance soil infiltration and water retention capacity, thereby improving the hydrological regulation function of the overall ecosystem.
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