1.中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,河南淅川荒漠生态系统定位观测研究站,北京 100091
2.中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,石漠化治理国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100091
3.中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,中贝荒漠化防治联合实验室,北京 100091
博文静(1987—),女,博士,助理研究员,主要从事生态系统服务研究。E-mail: bowenjing@caf.ac.cn
刘玉国(1986—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事石漠化防治研究。E-mail: liuyuguo@caf.ac.cn
收稿:2026-04-28,
修回:2026-05-26,
录用:2026-06-09,
网络首发:2026-07-14,
纸质出版:2026-10-28
移动端阅览
博文静,崔明,李嘉豪,等.西南喀斯特区植被时空演变特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):68-79.
Bo Wenjing, Cui Ming, Li Jiahao, et al. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of vegetation in karst region of Southwest China and their influencing factors[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):68-79.
博文静,崔明,李嘉豪,等.西南喀斯特区植被时空演变特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):68-79. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.038. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.038.
Bo Wenjing, Cui Ming, Li Jiahao, et al. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of vegetation in karst region of Southwest China and their influencing factors[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):68-79. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.038. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.038.
目的
2
探究西南喀斯特区植被时空演变特征及气候和人类活动对植被变化的影响,为石漠化治理提供科学依据。
方法
2
采用Theil-Sen Median与Mann-Kendall(MK)检验分析2000—2024年西南喀斯特区及石漠化治理工程试点县与非试点县的植被变化趋势,结合残差分析,揭示气候因子与人类活动对植被变化的影响。
结果
2
1)2000—2024年西南喀斯特区69.9%的NDVI显著增加,63.4%的NPP显著提高,仅有36.3%的LAI显著改善。说明该区域在植被覆盖上整体表现出“变绿”趋势,但在植被冠层结构提升上出现明显的滞后性。2)石漠化综合治理试点县岩溶区的NDVI、NPP和LAI的年平均值均呈增长趋势,年增长率分别为0.002 6、0.005 9 kg/(m²·a)和0.051 0,高于非试点县的0.002 2(
p
<
0.05)、0.005 0和0.039 0(
p
<
0.05)。2008—2024年石漠化综合治理工程启动后,试点县的NDVI、NPP和LAI年平均值也高于非试点县。说明石漠化综合治理工程显著提高西南喀斯特区的植被盖度和冠层结构。3)从人类活动对植被变化的贡献率来看,2000—2024年,植被覆盖和冠层结构改善的区域中人类活动占主导的面积分别为91.1%和89.9%。表明人类活动在西南喀斯特区植被恢复中的重要作用。4)NDVI、NPP和LAI人类活动残差在2008年以后均呈由负值逐渐向正值转变的趋势,表明人类活动对植被恢复的影响由早期的抑制作用逐步转变为促进作用。
结论
2
石漠化综合治理工程显著提高西南喀斯特区域植被覆盖度,但区内仍有63.7%的区域植被冠层结构未实现明显改善,需持续开展高质量石漠化治理,进一步增强植被生态功能。受城镇扩张影响,局部区域植被退化态势突出。基于此,建议将城镇空间管控与林分结构提质相结合,稳步提升喀斯特地区生态保护与修复工作成效。
Objective
2
This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of vegetation in the karst region of Southwest China, as well as the effects of climate and human activities on vegetation changes, providing a scientific basis for rocky desertification control.
Methods
2
Theil-Sen median and MK tests were used to analyze the vegetation change trends in the karst region of Southwest China and in pilot and non-pilot counties of the rocky desertification control project between 2000 and 2024. Combined with residual analysis, the effects of climate factors and human activities on vegetation changes were revealed.
Results
2
1) From 2000 to 2024, 69.9% and 63.4% of the karst region in Southwest China experienced significant increases in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and net primary productivity (NPP), respectively, while only 36.3% of the region showed a significant improvement in leaf area index (LAI). This indicated that although the region exhibited an overall "greening" trend in vegetation coverage, there was a pronounced lag in the enhancement of the vegetation canopy structure. 2) In the karst region of rocky desertification pilot counties, the annual mean values of NDVI, NPP, and LAI showed increasing trends, with annual growth rates of 0.002 6, 0.005 9, and 0.051 0, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in non-pilot counties 0.002 2(
p
<
0.05), 0.005 0, and 0.039 0(
p
<
0.05). From 2008 to 2024, after the implementation of the rocky desertification control project, the annual mean values of NDVI, NPP, and LAI in pilot counties were significantly higher than those in non-pilot counties. This indicated that the rocky desertification control project significantly improved vegetation coverage and canopy structure in the karst region of Southwest China. 3) In terms of the contribution of human activities to vegetation changes from 2000 to 2024, human activities dominated the improvement of vegetation coverage and canopy structure by 91.1% and 89.9%, respectively. As a result, human activities played an important role in vegetation restoration in the karst region of Southwest China. 4) The residuals of human activities in NDVI, NPP, and LAI showed a trend of gradually changing from negative to positive values since 2008, indicating the impact of human activities on vegetation restoration has gradually shifted from an inhibitory to a promoting effect.
Conclusion
2
The rocky desertification control project has significantly increased vegetation coverage in the karst region of Southwest China. However, the vegetation canopy structure in 63.7% of the area has not yet significantly improved. This indicates the need for continuous high-quality rocky desertification control to further enhance vegetation ecological functions. A pronounced trend of vegetation degradation is observed in certain areas due to urban expansion. On this basis, it is recommended to combine urban spatial planning and regulation with forest stand structural upgrades to steadily enhance the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration in the karst region.
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