1.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100
2.西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水研究院,陕西 杨凌 712100
3.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌 712100
王治英(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事旱作农田土壤改良研究。E-mail:18636821854@163.com
吴淑芳(1977—),女,博士,博士生导师,主要从事旱区中低产田土壤改良及水肥高效利用研究。E-mail:wsfjs@163.com
收稿:2026-04-16,
修回:2026-05-11,
录用:2026-05-19,
网络首发:2026-08-18,
纸质出版:2026-10-28
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王治英,吴淑芳,胡亚瑾,等.覆膜配施有机肥条件下土壤结构与微生物介导的固碳效应与路径解析[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):442-454.
Wang Zhiying, Wu Shufang, Hu Yajin, et al. Soil structure and microorganisms mediate carbon sequestration and its accumulation pathway under film mulching with organic fertilizer substitution[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):442-454.
王治英,吴淑芳,胡亚瑾,等.覆膜配施有机肥条件下土壤结构与微生物介导的固碳效应与路径解析[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):442-454. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.032. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.032.
Wang Zhiying, Wu Shufang, Hu Yajin, et al. Soil structure and microorganisms mediate carbon sequestration and its accumulation pathway under film mulching with organic fertilizer substitution[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):442-454. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.032. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.032.
目的
2
为明确多年地膜覆盖配施有机肥对旱作农田土壤有机碳固存的调控效应,揭示土壤结构与微生物群落介导下有机碳积累的内在机制与演变路径。
方法
2
以关中平原麦玉轮作体系5 a长期定位试验为基础,设置地膜覆盖(M)与不覆盖、有机肥等氮替代氮肥梯度(0~100%,CK、T0、T25、T50、T75、T100)的双因素裂区试验,2020年和2024年冬小麦收获后测定0~20 cm土壤理化性质与微生物群落结构,结合Pearson相关分析、Mantel检验和偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)解析有机碳积累路径。
结果
2
1)多年覆膜配合有机肥替代显著降低土壤体积质量,促进水稳性团聚体形成,并提高土壤有机碳(SOC)质量分数、储量及氮素水平。试验确定的最优处理为MT75,其土壤体积质量较MCK降低4.67%;机械稳定性大团聚体和水稳性大团聚体(≥0.25 mm)的质量比例分别为97.04%和62.66%,较MCK分别提高0.75%和12.92%;SOC(12.75 g/kg)和有机碳储量(SOCs)(33.80 t/hm
2
)分别较MCK提高79.97%和80.89%;全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮质量分数分别较MCK提高45.79%、100.21%和46.71%。2)随着试验持续细菌群落丰富度下降而多样性升高,真菌群落丰富度和多样性均下降。Mantel检验表明,细菌群落由早期主要受有机碳和全氮驱动,后期转变为土壤养分与物理结构共同驱动;真菌群落则由碳源驱动转向土壤团聚体结构主导。3)PLS-PM表明,有机碳积累路径由施肥直接驱动转变为团聚体结构优化和土壤微生物群落共同调控,其中2024年土壤团聚体对碳库的路径系数达0.99。
结论
2
多年覆膜与有机肥替代可显著改善土壤结构与养分状况,重塑微生物群落结构,其中,覆膜结合75%有机肥替代综合效果最佳。在该条件下,有机碳积累路径由外源有机物投入驱动向团聚体与微生物协同驱动路径转变。
Objective
2
To clarify the regulatory effect of long-term plastic film mulching combined with organic fertilizer substitution on soil carbon sequestration in dryland farmlands, and reveal the internal mechanism and evolution pathway of soil organic carbon accumulation mediated by soil structure and microbial community,
Methods
2
A 5-year field experiment was conducted under a winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the Guanzhong Plain, using a split-plot design with plastic film mulching (M) and an organic fertilizer substitution gradient (0-100%; CK, T0, T25, T50, T75, T100) as the two factors. Soil properties and microbial communities in the top 0-20 cm layer were analyzed after wheat harvest in 2020 and 2024. Soil organic carbon accumulation pathways were assessed via Pearson correlation, Mantel test, and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM).
Results
2
1) Long-term film mulching combined
with organic fertilizer substitution significantly reduced soil bulk density, promoted the formation of water-stable aggregates, and increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content, SOC stock (SOCs) and nitrogen levels. The optimal treatment was MT75 (film mulching+75% organic fertilizer substitution), in which soil bulk density was 4.67% lower than that of MCK; the mass percentages of mechanically stable macroaggregates and water-stable macroaggregates (≥0.25 mm) were 97.04% and 62.66%, which were 0.75% and 12.92% higher than those of MCK, respectively; SOC (12.75 g/kg) and SOCs (33.80 t/hm
2
) were 79.97% and 80.89% higher than those of MCK, respectively; total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents were 45.79%, 100.21% and 46.71% higher than those of MCK, respectively. 2) As the experiment progressed, bacterial community richness decreased while diversity increased, and both richness and diversity of fungal community decreased. Mantel test indicated that bacterial community was mainly driven by SOC and total nitrogen at the early stage, and gradually shifted to be jointly driven by soil nutrients and physical structure at the late stage; fungal community was transformed from carbon source-driven to soil aggregate structure-dominated. 3) PLS-PM revealed that the accumulation pathway of soil organic carbon changed from direct fertilization drive to joint regulation of aggregate structure optimization and soil microbial community, and the path coefficient of soil aggregates to carbon pool reached 0.99 in 2024.
Conclusion
2
Long-term film mulching and organic fertilizer substitution could significantly improve soil structure and nutrient status, and reshape microbial community structure. Among all treatments, film mulching combined with 75% organic fertilizer substitution presented the best comprehensive performance. Under this condition, the accumulation pathway of soil organic carbon shifted from exogenous organic matter input drive to synergistic drive of soil aggregates and microorganisms. The results can provide a theoretical basis for soil fertility improvement and low-carbon tillage mode construction in dryland farmlands.
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