1.北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
2.林业生态工程教育部;工程研究中心,北京 100083
3.林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京 100083
4.宁夏农林科学院林业与;草地生态研究所,银川 750002
5.防沙治沙与水土保持宁夏重点实验室,银川 750002
窦婷婷(1997—),女,博士研究生,主要从事森林生态保护与修复研究。E-mail:1302667100@qq.com
牛健植(1974—),女,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事森林水文与土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail: nexk@bjfu.edu.cn
收稿:2026-04-02,
修回:2026-05-31,
录用:2026-06-05,
网络首发:2026-08-31,
纸质出版:2026-10-28
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窦婷婷,牛健植,李金源,等.防护林葡萄园复合配置防风固沙效应的风洞模拟[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):429-441.
Dou Tingting, Niu Jianzhi, Li Jinyuan, et al. Wind tunnel simulation of windbreak and sand fixation effect of compound configuration of shelterbelt vineyard[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):429-441.
窦婷婷,牛健植,李金源,等.防护林葡萄园复合配置防风固沙效应的风洞模拟[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):429-441. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.031. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.031.
Dou Tingting, Niu Jianzhi, Li Jinyuan, et al. Wind tunnel simulation of windbreak and sand fixation effect of compound configuration of shelterbelt vineyard[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):429-441. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.031. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.031.
目的
2
针对宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄产区风蚀的问题,开展风洞模拟试验研究,比较不同防护模式的防风效能和固沙效应。
方法
2
基于风洞试验数据,在12 m/s来流条件下设置外围防护林措施(A组)、葡萄园内部措施(B组)及防护林-葡萄园复合配置(C组)3类模式,开展不同配置下的相对风速流场、平均防风效能、近地表防风效能、输沙率、固沙效应及风沙流垂向分布的特征研究。
结果
2
1)A组外围防护林中,弱风区和极减速区的范围整体表现为乔灌型≈乔乔型>纯乔型>纯灌型;B组在近地表保持稳定的低风速分布。2)C组防护林-葡萄园复合措施兼具二者优势,平均防风效能和近地表防风效能整体高于A组和B组。其中,C-乔灌型的近地表防风效能优于C-纯乔型和C-乔乔型。3)C组复合配置中,部分外围林带为乔灌型时,复合配置后固沙效应进一步提升。外围林带为纯乔型或乔乔型时,复合后固沙效应下降。4)A组风蚀物集中在8 cm范围内的近地层,B组中垂直型及复合型输沙峰值上移至4~12 cm,C组分布更均衡。
结论
2
葡萄园防风固沙配置应构建多层次、结构匹配的复合体系。外围防护林优先选择乔灌复合型,园内措施优先采用葡萄/挂枝+留草组合。研究结果可为干旱区葡萄园防护体系优化提供理论依据。
Objective
2
Aiming at the problem of wind erosion in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia, wind tunnel simulation tests were carried out to compare the wind protection efficiency and sand fixation effect of different protection modes.
Methods
2
Based on the data of wind tunnel test, three types of modes were set up under the condition of 12 m/s incoming flow, including peripheral shelterbelt measures (Group A), vineyard internal measures (Group B) and shelterbelt vineyard composite configuration (Group C). The relative wind velocity flow field, average wind protection efficiency, near surface wind protection efficiency, sediment transport rate, sand fixing effect and vertical characteristics of wind sand flow under different configurations were studied.
Results
2
1) Among the peripheral shelterbelt in Group A, the weak wind zone and extreme deceleration zone ranges followed the order arbor-shrub type ≈ arbor-arbor type > pure arbor type > pure shrub type. Group B maintained a stable low wind speed distribution near the land surface. 2) The combined shelterbelt-vineyard measures in Group C possessed the advantages of both, with the average windbreak efficiency and near-surface windbreak efficiency being overall higher than those of Group A and Group B. Among these, the near-surface windbreak efficiency of the arbor-shrub type in Group C (C-arbor-shrub type) was superior to that of the C-pure arbor type and C-arbor-arbor type. 3) In the combined configurations of Group C, when part of the peripheral shelterbelt was of the arbor-shrub type, the sand fixing effect was further enhanced after combination. When the peripheral shelterbelt was of the pure arbor type or arbor-arbor type, the sand fixing effect decreased after combination. 4) In Group A, the wind-eroded material was concentrated in the near-surface layer within 8 cm, whereas in Group B the sand transport layer expanded to 4-12 cm, and Group C exhibited a more balanced distribution.
Conclusion
2
The windbreak and sand-fixing configuration for vineyards should establish a multi-layered, structurally matched composite system. For peripheral shelterbelts, an arbor-shrub composite type should be prioritized, while for within-vineyard measures, the grapevine/branch-hanging plus grass-covering combination should be given priority. The research results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing vineyard protection systems in arid regions.
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