1.贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,喀斯特研究院,贵阳 550025
2.贵州省喀斯特;山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地,贵阳 550025
唐玲巧(2003—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水生态健康研究。E-mail:1529013709@qq.com
焦树林(1969—),男,博士,教授,主要从事水文水健康研究。E-mail:jiaoshulin@gznu.edu.cn
收稿:2026-04-06,
修回:2026-04-27,
录用:2026-05-06,
网络首发:2026-06-30,
纸质出版:2026-10-28
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唐玲巧,焦树林,李曾,等.岩溶峡谷型水库枯水期氮素的空间赋存特征及其环境驱动因子[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):57-67.
Tang Lingqiao, Jiao Shulin, Li Zeng, et al. Spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen in karst canyon reservoirs during dry season and their environmental drivers[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):57-67.
唐玲巧,焦树林,李曾,等.岩溶峡谷型水库枯水期氮素的空间赋存特征及其环境驱动因子[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):57-67. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.027. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.027.
Tang Lingqiao, Jiao Shulin, Li Zeng, et al. Spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen in karst canyon reservoirs during dry season and their environmental drivers[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):57-67. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.027. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.027.
目的
2
探究枯水期水库氮素的空间分布特征及内源氮释放潜力。
方法
2
于2025年12月对杨家园水库7个采样点的3层水柱及表层沉积物进行采样,分析水体不同形态氮(总氮、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮)及理化参数(ORP、TOC、pH等),测定沉积物中总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量。
结果
2
沿入库口至坝前,水体TN浓度由2.70 mg/L(Y1底层)升至3.44 mg/L(Y7底层),沉积物TN由910 mg/kg(Y1)升至2 130 mg/kg(Y7),呈显著沿程累积。水库氮形态垂向分布总体来看受局部氧化还原条件和混合状态共同调控,存在明显的空间异质性。Spearman相关分析显示,总氮、氨氮主要受TDS、ALK和pH调控(
|r|
≈0.5~0.6),硝态氮、亚硝态氮与理化参数相关性弱,揭示枯水期氮素分布的复杂性与多因子耦合特征。沉积物有机氮与水体TN呈极显著正相关(
r
=0.93,
p
<
0.01),沉积物硝态氮与水体硝态氮呈极显著正相关(
r
=0.93,
p
<
0.01),证实“有机氮矿化→氨氮释放→硝化转化→硝氮交换”的界面交换路径。主成分分析提取2个主成分(累计方差贡献率76.9%),识别出“氮富集因子”和“氧化还原调控因子”。
结论
2
枯水期杨家园水库氮素主要受内源释放控制,沉积物有机氮是主要氮库,坝前区为内源释放高风险区,需加强监测。
Objective
2
This study aims to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen and endogenous release potential in reservoirs during the dry season.
Methods
2
Samples were collected in December 2025 from three water layers and surface sediments at seven sampling sites in Yangjiayuan Reservoir. Different nitrogen forms in the water (total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen) and physicochemical parameters (ORP, TOC, pH, etc.) were analyzed, and the concentrations of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen in the sediments were measured.
Results
2
From the reservoir inlet to the dam front, the TN concentration in the water increased from 2.70 mg/L (Y1 bottom layer) to 3.44 mg/L (Y7 bottom layer), and the TN concentration in the sediments increased from 910 mg/kg (Y1) to 2 130 mg/kg (Y7), showing significant longitudinal accumulation. The vertical distribution of nitrogen forms in the reservoir water was jointly regulated
by local redox conditions and mixing status, showing pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Spearman correlation analysis showed that total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were mainly regulated by TDS, ALK, and pH (
|r|
≈0.5-0.6), whereas nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were weakly correlated with physicochemical parameters, revealing the complexity and multi-factor coupling characteristics of nitrogen distribution during the dry season. Sediment organic nitrogen showed an extremely significant positive correlation with water TN (
r
=0.93,
p
<
0.01), and sediment nitrate nitrogen was extremely significantly positively correlated with water nitrate nitrogen (
r
=0.93,
p
<
0.01), confirming the sediment-water interface exchange pathway of "organic nitrogen mineralization→ammonium nitrogen release→nitrification→nitrate nitrogen exchange". Principal component analysis extracted two principal components (cumulative 76.9%), identifying a nitrogen enrichment factor and a redox controlling factor.
Conclusion
2
During the dry season, nitrogen in Yangjiayuan Reservoir is mainly controlled by endogenous release. Sediment organic nitrogen is the main nitrogen pool, and the dam-front area is a high-risk zone for endogenous release, requiring strengthened monitoring.
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