1.甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州 730070
2.干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,兰州 730070
赵位(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事旱作农业研究。E-mail:3030727494@qq.com
张元红(1989—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事旱区高效农作制度研究。E-mail:zhangyuanh@gsau.edu.cn
收稿:2026-03-28,
修回:2026-04-21,
录用:2026-04-29,
网络首发:2026-08-14,
纸质出版:2026-10-28
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赵位,李玲玲,张元红,等.陇中旱农区不同耕作措施的APSIM模型构建及应用[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):265-276.
Zhao Wei, Li Lingling, Zhang Yuanhong, et al. Construction and application of APSIM model for different tillage practices in arid agricultural areas of Central Gansu[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):265-276.
赵位,李玲玲,张元红,等.陇中旱农区不同耕作措施的APSIM模型构建及应用[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):265-276. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.024. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.024.
Zhao Wei, Li Lingling, Zhang Yuanhong, et al. Construction and application of APSIM model for different tillage practices in arid agricultural areas of Central Gansu[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):265-276. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.024. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.024.
目的
2
为评估APSIM模型在陇中旱农区春小麦栽培及旱作农田水分生产力模拟中的适用性,探究保护性耕作和不同施氮情景对旱作春小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响。
方法
2
基于甘肃农业大学定西旱作农业综合实验站长期保护性耕作定位试验(始于2001年),设置传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆翻入(TS)及免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)4个处理。通过2024—2025年田间观测数据对春小麦品种参数与土壤参数进行本地化校准和验证,构建适用于本地区的APSIM模型。在此基础上,结合2002—2025年历史气象资料,开展不同耕作措施及施氮梯度下春小麦产量、耗水量和水分利用效率的长期情景模拟,并利用决定系数(
R
2
)、均方根误差(RMSE)及归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)等多项指标综合评价模型的模拟精度。
结果
2
校准后的APSIM模型能够准确模拟春小麦的生长发育过程,物候期的观测值与模拟值的RMSE为0~4 d;产量的平均RMSE和NRMSE分别为59.3 kg/hm²和3.5%,叶面积指数的平均RMSE和NRMSE分别为0.2 m²/m²和16.0%。不同生育时期0~200 cm土层土壤水分的NRMSE为1.6%~18.2%。基于校准后的APSIM模型,系统评估长周期(24 a)条件下耕作措施与施氮水平对春小麦水分生产力的影响。结果表明,春小麦水分生产力与耗水量随年际降雨量同步波动。其中,免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)处理表现最佳,多年平均产量为1 919.76 kg/hm
2
,水分利用效率为5.6 kg/(hm
2
·mm),在多数年份产量稳定、水分利用效率最高,且在降水波动年份产量降幅最小,是该地区较适宜的耕作方式。在NTS模式下进一步模拟不同施氮水平发现,作物耗水量(ET)随施氮量增加而上升,但过量施氮不仅无法进一步提高产量,反而降低资源利用效率。
结论
2
综合来看,施氮量以不超过112.5 kg/hm
2
为宜。免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)搭配合理施氮(112.5 kg/hm
2
),是实现陇中旱农区春小麦高产稳产、提升资源利用效率的优化管理模式,对该地区及类似生态区的农业可持续发展具有指导意义。
Objective
2
To evaluate the applicability of the APSIM model in simulating spring wheat cultivation and water productivity in arid agricultural areas of central Gansu, and to investigate the effects of conservation tillage and different nitrogen application scenarios on the yield and water use efficiency of dryland spring wheat.
Methods
2
This study was based on a long-term conservation tillage experiment (initiated in 2001) at the Dingxi Comprehensive Experimental Station for Dryland Agriculture of Gansu Agricultural University. Four treatments were established: conventional tillage (T), no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage with straw incorporation (TS), and no-tillage with straw mulching (NTS). Using field observation data from 2024 to 2025, cultivar and soil parameters were locally calibrated and validated to construct an APSIM model suitable for this region. On this basis, combined with historical meteorological
data from 2002 to 2025, long-term scenario simulations were conducted for spring wheat yield, water consumption, and water use efficiency under different tillage practices and nitrogen application gradients, and the simulation accuracy was comprehensively evaluated using the coefficient of determination (
R
²), root mean square error (RMSE), and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE).
Results
2
The calibrated APSIM model accurately simulated the growth and development of spring wheat, with RMSE between measured and simulated phenological periods of 0-4 days. The mean RMSE and NRMSE for yield and leaf area index were 59.3 kg/hm² and 0.2 m²/m², and 3.5% and 16.0%, respectively. The NRMSE for soil moisture in the 0-200 cm soil layer at different growth stages ranged from 1.6% to 18.2%. Based on the calibrated APSIM model, the effects of tillage practices and nitrogen application rates on the water productivity of spring wheat under long-term conditions (24 years) were systematically evaluated. The results showed that the water productivity and water consumption of spring wheat fluctuated synchronously with interannual precipitation. Among the treatments, NTS performed best, with a multi-year mean yield of 1 919.76 kg/hm
2
and a water use efficiency of 5.6 kg/(hm
2
·mm). It maintained stable yields in most years, achieved the highest water use efficiency, and showed the smallest yield decline in years with precipitation fluctuations, indicating that it was a suitable tillage practice for this region. Further simulations under the NTS regime showed that water consumption increased with nitrogen application rate, but excessive nitrogen application did not further increase yield and instead reduced resource use efficiency.
Conclusion
2
Overall, a nitrogen application rate not exceeding 112.5 kg/hm² is recommended. NTS combined with appropriate nitrogen application (112.5 kg/hm
2
) is an optimized management pattern fo
r achieving high and stable yield of spring wheat and improving resource use efficiency in the arid agricultural areas of central Gansu, and it provides guidance for sustainable agricultural development in this region and similar ecological zones.
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