1.中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,农业农村部华北耕地保育重点实验室,北京 100193
2.西北大学文化遗产学院,中国-中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室,文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室,西安 710027
许维(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事生物结皮修复研究。E-mail:xw@cau.edu.cn
肖波(1981—),男,博士,教授,主要从事土壤物理与水土保持研究。E-mail:xiaobo@cau.edu.cn
收稿:2026-03-10,
修回:2026-04-05,
录用:2026-04-16,
网络首发:2026-08-17,
纸质出版:2026-10-28
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许维,沈思铭,陈钧儒,等.黄土高陡边坡生物结皮的抗蚀性及其对水力侵蚀的防护作用[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):143-151.
Xu Wei, Shen Siming, Chen Junru, et al. Erosion resistance of biocrusts and their protective function against water erosion on loess steep slopes[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):143-151.
许维,沈思铭,陈钧儒,等.黄土高陡边坡生物结皮的抗蚀性及其对水力侵蚀的防护作用[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):143-151. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.021. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.021.
Xu Wei, Shen Siming, Chen Junru, et al. Erosion resistance of biocrusts and their protective function against water erosion on loess steep slopes[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):143-151. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.021. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.021.
目的
2
探讨黄土丘陵沟壑区高陡边坡生物结皮发育后对土壤基本性状、抗蚀性及径流水动力学特性的影响,分析其对边坡水力侵蚀的减控作用,为黄土边坡防护和沟道侵蚀治理提供科学依据。
方法
2
通过模拟冲刷、单雨滴击溅及静水崩解试验,测定3种坡度、3种雨强下生物结皮边坡与裸土边坡的初始产流时间、坡面流速和侵蚀量等差异,对比分析生物结皮对边坡侵蚀的防护效应及其途径。
结果
2
1)高陡边坡生物结皮覆盖下土壤有机质含量较无结皮覆盖土壤平均升高124.3%,团聚体含量显著提高44.9%,土壤饱和含水量和饱和导水率分别平均降低7.9%和39.5%,生物结皮显著改善高陡边坡土壤的基本理化性质。2)与无结皮土壤相比,生物结皮覆盖边坡土壤的击穿动能平均为无结皮土壤的5.6倍,单雨滴溅蚀量减少83.7%,坡面初始产流时间提前38.2 s,坡面流速提高6.2%,总径流量增加7.2%,生物结皮显著增强边坡土壤的抗蚀性,并影响径流水动力学特性。3)高陡边坡生物结皮覆盖可显著削弱土壤径流侵蚀量,且减蚀效应随坡度增大和降雨强度提升呈增强趋势。在80、100、120 mm/h雨强下,结皮覆盖坡面径流侵蚀量显著低于无结皮覆盖坡面,平均降幅分别为63.3%、46.3%、64.5%;在40、60、80、100、120 mm/h雨强下,55°、65°、75°坡面的径流侵蚀量分别平均降低40.3%、62.1%、63.6%。
结论
2
生物结皮可通过表面覆盖、改善土壤理化性质、增加土壤抗蚀性并影响坡面径流水动力学特性等途径,显著降低降雨诱发的黄土高陡边坡侵蚀,对黄土丘陵沟壑区自然和人为边坡具有良好的防护作用,可广泛用于黄土高陡边坡侵蚀防控和生态修复。
Objective
2
This study aims to investigate the effects of biocrust development on basic soil properties, erosion resistance, and runoff hydrodynamic characteristics on steep slopes in the loess hilly and gully region, and to analyze its role in reducing and controlling hydraulic erosion on slopes. The findings provide a scientific basis for loess slope protection and gully erosion control.
Methods
2
Simulated scouring experiments, single-raindrop splash tests, and static water disintegration tests were conducted to compare the initial runoff time, slope flow velocity, and erosion amount between biocrust-covered slopes and bare slopes under three slope gradients and three rainfall intensities. The protective effects of biocrusts on slope erosion and their pathways were then comparatively analyzed.
Results
2
1) Compared with bare soil, biocrust coverage on steep slopes increased soil organic matter content by an average of 124.3% and aggregate content by 44.9%, while saturated volumetric water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased by averages of 7.9% and 39.5%, respectively, significantly improving the basic physicochemical properties of steep-slope soils. 2) Compared with bare slopes, biocrust-covered slopes showed a 5.6-fold increase in penetration kinetic energy, an 83.7% decrease in splash erosion from a single raindrop, a 38.2 s advance in initial runoff time, a 6.2% increase in slope flow velocity, and a 7.2% increase in total runoff volume. Biocrusts significantly enhanced soil erosion resistance and altered runoff hydrodynamic characteristics on slopes. 3) Biocrust coverage on steep slopes significantly reduced runoff erosion, and the erosion-reduction effect became stronger with increasing slope gradient and rainfall intensity. Under rainfall intensities of 80, 100, and 120 mm/h, runoff erosion on biocrust-covered slopes was significantly lower than that on bare slopes, with average reductions of 63.3%, 46.3%, and 64.5%, respectively. Under rainfall intensities of 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mm/h, runoff erosion on 55°, 65°, and 75° slopes decreased by average values of 40.3%, 62.1%, and 63.6%, respectively.
Conclusion
2
Biocrusts can significantly reduce rainfall-induced erosion on steep loess slopes through surface coverage, improvement of soil physicochemical properties, enhancement of soil erosion resistance, and modification of runoff hydrodynamic characteristics. They provide effective protection for natural and artificial slopes in the loess hilly-gully region and can be widely used in erosion control and ecological restoration on steep loess slopes.
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