1.西南大学资源环境学院,重庆 400716
2.西南大学水土保持生态修复重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400716
白毛毛(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:15835183484@163.com
陈晓燕(1971—),女,博士,教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:c400716@126.com
收稿:2026-03-03,
修回:2026-04-02,
录用:2026-04-09,
网络首发:2026-05-29,
纸质出版:2026-10-28
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白毛毛,郭逸轩,韦盼,等.秸秆碎混还田对紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀阻力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):125-133.
Bai Maomao, Guo Yixuan, Wei Pan, et al. Effects of chopped straw incorporation and return on soil erosion resistance in purple soil sloping farmland[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):125-133.
白毛毛,郭逸轩,韦盼,等.秸秆碎混还田对紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀阻力的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):125-133. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.016. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.016.
Bai Maomao, Guo Yixuan, Wei Pan, et al. Effects of chopped straw incorporation and return on soil erosion resistance in purple soil sloping farmland[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):125-133. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.016. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.016.
目的
2
秸秆还田通过直接作用及间接作用影响土壤理化性质,驱动土壤侵蚀阻力产生响应,进而影响土壤侵蚀过程。因此,探究秸秆碎混还田对紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀阻力的潜在影响及驱动因素,可为紫色土区秸秆还田调控坡耕地土壤侵蚀的认识提供理论依据。
方法
2
在重庆市石柱土家族自治县鱼池镇选取典型紫色土坡耕地,以无秸秆还田为对照(CK),设置4个秸秆还田量梯度(1.25、2.50、3.75、5.00 t/hm
2
),采用水槽冲刷试验测定土壤分离能力(
D
c
),并计算细沟可蚀性(
K
r
)和临界剪切力(
τ
c
),明确不同秸秆还田量下土壤侵蚀阻力的差异及作用路径。
结果
2
1)不同秸秆还田量下
D
c
、
K
r
和
τ
c
分别为0.003 8~0.041 1 kg/(m
2
·s)、0.000 6~0.004 7 s/m和2.677~5.473 Pa。与对照相比,秸秆还田下
D
c
和
K
r
分别减小66.57%~90.88%和65.96%~87.23%,而
τ
c
增加47.51%~100.67%。
D
c
随着秸秆还田量的增加呈先减小后增大的二次函数关系[
D
c
=0.002 5(SIA-3.75)
2
+0.002 4,
R
2
=0.92],还田量为3.75 t/hm
2
时,
D
c
达到最小值。2)相关分析表明,不同秸秆还田量下土壤侵蚀阻力的差异与秸秆腐解特性及其驱动的土壤理化性质显著相关,其中
τ
c
与秸秆腐解量、秸秆残余量、饱和水分体积分数、团聚体平均质量直径和土壤有机质含量均呈显著正相关(
p
<
0.05);而
K
r
与5个指标均呈显著负相关(
p
<
0.05),并与土壤体积质量呈显著正相关(
p
<
0.05)。3)
基于随机森林和路径分析发现,秸秆还田提升土壤侵蚀阻力主要受控于秸秆腐解增加有机质质量分数,提升团聚体稳定性的间接作用,而秸秆残余的直接作用增加土壤的细沟可蚀性,降低土壤侵蚀阻力。
结论
2
秸秆碎混还田能够显著提高紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀阻力,但其效应存在适宜阈值。在本研究条件下,3.75 t/hm
2
还田量下土壤分离能力最低,细沟可蚀性最小,临界剪切力最大,综合表现最优。
Objective
2
Straw return regulates soil erosion processes through direct and indirect impacts on soil physicochemical properties, thereby altering soil erosion resistance. Therefore, the study explores the potential effects and driving factors of chopped straw incorporation and return on soil erosion resistance in purple soil sloping farmland, providing a theoretical basis for regulating soil erosion in sloping farmland in purple soil regions through straw return practices.
Methods
2
A typical purple soil sloping farmland was selected in Yuchi Town, Shizhu County, Chongqing. Using no straw return as the control (CK), four straw return rates (1.25, 2.50, 3.75, and 5.00 t/hm
2
) were applied. Soil detachment capacity (
D
c
) was measured using flume scouring tests, and rill erodibility (
K
r
) and critical shear stress (
τ
c
) were calculated to clarify the differences of soil erosion resistance and its response pathways under different straw return rates.
Results
2
1) Under different straw return rates,
D
c
,
K
r
, and
τ
c
ranged from 0.003 8 kg/(m
2
·s) to 0.041 1 kg/(m
2
·s), 0.000 6 s/m to 0.004 7 s/m, and 2.677 Pa to 5.473 Pa, respectively. Compared with the control, straw return decreased
D
c
and
K
r
by 66.57%-90.88% and 65.96%-87.23%, respectively, while increasing
τ
c
by 47.51%-100.67%.
D
c
showed a quadratic relationship with straw return rate, firs
t decreasing and then increasing (
D
c
=0.002 5(SIA-3.75)
2
+0.002 4,
R
2
=0.92), reaching its minimum at a rate of 3.75 t/hm
2
. 2) Correlation analysis indicated that the differences in soil erosion resistance under different straw return rates were significantly correlated with straw decomposition characteristics and induced changes in soil physicochemical properties. Specifically,
τ
c
was significantly positively correlated with straw decomposition amount, straw residual amount, saturated water content, mean weight diameter of aggregate, and soil organic matter content (
p
<
0.05). In contrast,
K
r
was significantly negatively correlated with these five indicators (
p
<
0.05) but significantly positively correlated with soil bulk density (
p
<
0.05). 3) Random forest and path analysis results indicated that improvements in soil erosion resistance were mainly controlled by the indirect effect of straw decomposition in raising organic matter content and enhancing aggregate stability. However, straw residues directly increased soil rill erodibility and reduced soil erosion resistance.
Conclusion
2
Chopped straw incorporation and return can significantly enhance soil erosion resistance in purple soil sloping farmland, but this effect has an optimum threshold. Under the conditions of this study, a straw return rate of 3.75 t/hm
2
achieves the best overall performance, reaching the lowest soil detachment capacity, the lowest rill erodibility, and the highest critical shear stress.
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