1.中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土科学全国重点实验室,西安 710061
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.陕西黄土高原地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站,西安 710061
石骁驰(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤水分与土壤健康研究。E-mail: xiaochi883@gmail.com
王云强(1981—),男,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事土壤水文过程研究。E-mail: wangyq@ieecas.cn
收稿:2026-02-27,
修回:2026-03-26,
录用:2026-04-06,
网络首发:2026-05-12,
纸质出版:2026-10-28
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石骁驰,王云强,童永平.黄土塬区不同林龄苹果园深层土壤水分亏缺的时空变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):195-203.
Shi Xiaochi, Wang Yunqiang, Tong Yongping. Spatiotemporal patterns of deep soil water deficit in apple orchards of different stand ages in loess tableland[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):195-203.
石骁驰,王云强,童永平.黄土塬区不同林龄苹果园深层土壤水分亏缺的时空变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):195-203. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.012. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.012.
Shi Xiaochi, Wang Yunqiang, Tong Yongping. Spatiotemporal patterns of deep soil water deficit in apple orchards of different stand ages in loess tableland[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):195-203. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.012. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.012.
目的
2
科学评估深层土壤水分亏缺的发育风险,对黄土塬区主导经济林苹果园的水分管理、更新调控与可持续经营具有重要意义。为此,亟须揭示该区不同林龄苹果园深层土壤水分亏缺的时空演变和垂向分异特征。
方法
2
在洛川塬选取农地、不同林龄(幼、中、老)苹果园,于2021—2025年开展0~5 m土壤体积含水量(SWC)的原位观测,分析1~5 m土层土壤含水量亏缺(ΔSWC)动态及土壤储水量亏缺(ΔSWS)关键层位。
结果
2
监测期内,农地深层SWC阶段性增加,果园整体趋于干燥,幼龄果园后期干燥明显,中龄果园水分亏缺持续,老龄果园SWC阶段性回升;以农地为参照,果园1~5 m平均土壤含水量亏缺普遍存在且垂向异质性明显,亏缺强度为中龄(2.5%)
>
老龄(1.3%)
>
幼龄(0.2%),其中,中龄果园亏缺的土层最厚(2~5 m);2021—2025年,3个林龄果园1~5 m平均ΔSWC均显著下降(
p
<
0.001,
R
2
>
0.74),中龄果园下降最快(斜率为-0.003 5),表明土壤水分亏缺持续加剧,并随林龄增长呈先增强后减弱的变化规律;不同土层ΔSWS显示,4~5 m土层是各林龄果园土壤水分亏缺的关键层位,幼、中、老龄果园对应ΔSWS分别为-9.0、-17.3、-13.2 mm。
结论
2
果园水分亏缺评估应同时考虑林龄和关键亏缺层位,并将土壤水分承载力作为栽植密度和果树更新的重要依据。
Objective
2
Scientifically assessing the development risk of deep soil water deficit is of great significance for water management, renewal regulation, and sustainable operation of apple orchards, the dominant economic forest type in the Loess Tableland. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clarify the spatiotemporal evolution and vertical differentiation patterns of deep soil water deficit in apple orchards of different stand ages in this region.
Methods
2
Farmland and apple orchards of different stand ages (young, middle-aged, and mature) were selected in the Luochuan tableland. Based on in situ observations of volumetric soil water content (SWC) in the 0-5 m soil profile from 2021 to 2025, the dynamics of soil water content deficit (ΔSWC) and the key layers of soil water storage deficit (ΔSWS) in the 1―5 m soil layer were analyzed.
Results
2
During the monitoring period, deep SWC in farmland increased in stages, whereas apple orchard soils generally became drier. Young orchards showed obvious drying in the later stage, middle-aged orchards exhibited persistent water deficit, and mature orchards showed staged recovery in SWC. With farmland as the reference, the mean ΔSWC in the 1―5 m layer was widespread and showed obvious vertical heterogeneity in the orchards. Deficit intensity ranked as middle-aged (2.5%)
>
mature (1.3%)
>
young (0.2%), among which the middle-a
ged orchards had the thickest deficit soil layer (2―5 m). From 2021 to 2025, the mean ΔSWC in the 1―5 m layer of orchards of all three stand ages declined significantly (
p
<
0.001,
R
²
>
0.74), with the fastest decline in middle-aged orchards (slope=-0.003 5),indicating that soil water deficit continuously intensified and followed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing with stand age. The ΔSWS in different soil layers showed that the 4―5 m soil layer was the key layer of soil water deficit for orchards of all stand ages, and the corresponding ΔSWS values in young, middle-aged, and mature orchards were -9.0, -17.3, and -13.2 mm, respectively.
Conclusion
2
The assessment of orchard water deficit should simultaneously consider stand age and key deficit layers, and the soil water carrying capacity should be taken as an important criterion for planting density and orchard renewal.
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