1.四川农业大学水利水电学院,四川 雅安 625014
2.四川农业大学资源学院,成都 611130
刘洋(2002—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail: 2292319069@qq.com
梁心蓝(1983—),女,博士,副教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail: liangxinlan@sicau.edu.cn
收稿:2026-01-18,
修回:2026-03-11,
录用:2026-03-18,
网络首发:2026-05-07,
纸质出版:2026-10-28
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刘洋,王文渝,侯平川,等.黄棕壤耕作坡面的侵蚀能量分配与耗散机理[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):95-103.
Liu Yang, Wang Wenyu, Hou Pingchuan, et al. Energy distribution and dissipation mechanisms of soil erosion on slope farmland with yellow-brown soil[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):95-103.
刘洋,王文渝,侯平川,等.黄棕壤耕作坡面的侵蚀能量分配与耗散机理[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(5):95-103. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.004. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.004.
Liu Yang, Wang Wenyu, Hou Pingchuan, et al. Energy distribution and dissipation mechanisms of soil erosion on slope farmland with yellow-brown soil[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(5):95-103. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.05.004. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.05.004.
目的
2
为定量解析黄棕壤坡面耕作措施对侵蚀能量的分配与耗散机理,并阐明其抑制土壤剥离的物理阈值。
方法
2
本研究选取典型黄棕壤,设置8°、15°、25° 3个坡度,通过室内模拟降雨试验,对比研究顺垄+横垄(LR&CR)、垄台(FR)、垄向区田(SR)及平坡对照(CK)4种措施的产流产沙及能量动态特征,构建基于能量指标的侵蚀量化模型。
结果
2
保护性耕作(LR
&
CR、SR)通过延长径流路径和促进入渗,构建“源头减能-过程耗散”双路径系统,其减能效果显著优于FR,LR
&
CR在各坡度下减沙率最高(8°时达74.9%)。侵蚀速率与径流能量呈幂函数关系(
R
2
≥0.80),其中LR
&
CR的指数
b
值最大(2.123),显示强烈的非线性能量累积效应。侵蚀能耗与土壤流失量呈极显著线性相关(
R
2
>
0.98),揭示保护性耕作主要通过大幅提高侵蚀发生的启动能量阈值来实现减沙。
结论
2
径流能量较传统水沙指标具有更强的侵蚀表征能力,能更准确地捕捉非稳态流在复杂微地形下的动力特征。研究结果从能量动力学视角量化耕作措施的控蚀机理,揭示黄棕壤坡面侵蚀对能量响应的非线性特征,为黄棕壤区坡耕地水土保持模型的物理参数优化及措施精准配置提供科学依据。
Objective
2
This study aims to quantitatively analyze the distribution and dissipation mechanisms of erosive energy under different tillage practices on yellow-brown soil slopes and to elucidate the physical threshold at which soil detachment is effectively suppressed.
Methods
2
Typical yellow-brown soil was selected, and indoor simulated rainfall experiments were conducted on three slope gradients of 8°, 15°, and 25°. Four treatments were compared: longitudinal ridge & cross ridge (LR & CR), flat ridge (FR), ridge-directional interval rainwater storage (SR), and a flat slope control (CK). The runoff and sediment yield dynamics and energy characteristics were investigated, and an erosion quantification model based on energy indicators was developed.
Results
2
Conservation tillage practices (LR
&
CR and SR) established a dual-pathway system of "source reduction-process dissipation" by extending runoff pathways and promoting infiltration. Their energy reduction effects were significantly superior to those of FR. LR
&
CR exhi
bited the highest sediment reduction rate across all slope gradients (reaching 74.9% at 8°). The erosion rate and runoff energy followed a power function relationship (
R
²≥0.80), with LR
&
CR showing the largest exponent b value (2.123), indicating a strong nonlinear energy accumulation effect. A highly significant linear correlation (
R
²
>
0.98) was observed between energy consumption for erosion and soil loss, revealing that conservation tillage primarily reduced sediment yield by substantially raising the initiation energy threshold required to initiate erosion.
Conclusion
2
Runoff energy has a stronger capability for characterizing erosion compared to traditional indicators and can more accurately capture the dynamic characteristics of non-steady flow under complex micro-topography. From the perspective of energy dynamics, this study quantifies the erosion control mechanisms of tillage practices, reveals the nonlinear response characteristics of yellow-brown soil slope erosion to energy, and provides a scientific basis for optimizing physical parameters in soil and water conservation models and for the precise configuration of conservation measures on slope farmland in yellow-brown soil regions.
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