山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西 太谷 030801
周旋(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事矿区土壤复垦与微生物多样性研究。E-mail:jane6898@126.com
孟会生(1977—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事矿区土壤复垦与微生物多样性研究。E-mail:huishengmeng@126.com
收稿:2025-09-27,
修回:2025-10-21,
录用:2025-10-30,
网络首发:2025-12-19,
纸质出版:2026-04-01
移动端阅览
周旋,张艳军,王建芳,等.煤矿区复垦土壤磷有效性对解磷菌肥的响应[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):318-328.
ZHOU Xuan, ZHANG Yanjun, WANG Jianfang, et al. Responses of phosphorus availability in reclaimed soil of coal mining areas to phosphate-solubilizing bacteria fertilizer[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(2):318-328.
周旋,张艳军,王建芳,等.煤矿区复垦土壤磷有效性对解磷菌肥的响应[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):318-328. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.025. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.025.
ZHOU Xuan, ZHANG Yanjun, WANG Jianfang, et al. Responses of phosphorus availability in reclaimed soil of coal mining areas to phosphate-solubilizing bacteria fertilizer[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(2):318-328. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.025. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.025.
目的
2
比较复垦3 a土壤配施解磷菌肥与未配施解磷菌肥对外源磷素吸附解吸特性的影响,研究配施解磷菌肥对复垦土壤磷吸附解吸特性、磷形态和土壤理化性质的作用,为提高磷肥的利用率、快速提升矿区复垦土壤生产力提供理论依据。
方法
2
在山西省晋中市榆次区乌金山镇采矿塌陷区复垦试验基地进行试验,共设置7个处理小区,分别为不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、化肥配施解磷菌肥(CFP)、单施有机肥(M)、有机肥配施解磷菌肥(MP)、化肥有机肥(MCF)和化肥有机肥配施解磷菌肥(MCFP)。采集各处理下土样进行磷吸附动力学试验,计算出最大吸附量、最大缓冲容量、吸附饱和度、最大解吸量和解吸率,并分析土壤磷形态和理化性质与磷吸附解吸之间的关系。
结果
2
配施解磷菌肥较相应未配施解磷菌肥处理降低土壤磷吸附量,增加土壤磷解吸量。其中,MP处理的土壤磷最大解吸量和解吸率最高,分别比其他处理增加32.87%~276.90%和38.76%~386.91%。配施解磷菌肥的土壤活性态磷和中活性态磷含量分别提高2.69%~7.29%和3.64%~8.96%,而稳定态磷含量降低2.14%~2.29%。与相应未配施解磷菌肥的土壤相比,配施解磷菌肥的土壤中有机质、有效磷和全磷含量均有所提高,但铝的水合氧化物和氢氧化物、交换性钙含量分别显著降低12.96%~15.71%和10.53%~12.45%。冗余分析表明,活性态磷是未配施解磷菌肥和配施解磷菌肥处理下磷吸附解吸特征参数的主要共同影响因子,其解释率分别为16.80%和77.20%。
结论
2
配施解磷菌肥抑制土壤磷的吸附,促进土壤磷的解吸,从而提升外源磷的利用效率,削弱交换性钙对磷吸附解吸过程的调控作用,提高土壤有效磷含量,同时显著提高土壤团聚体稳定性和玉米产量。其中,有机肥配施解磷菌肥对复垦土壤磷有效性的提升效果最显著。
Objective
2
This study compares the effects of applying phosphate-solubilizing bacteria fertilizer (PSBF) and not applying it on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of exogenous phosphorus in 3-year reclaimed soil. It investigates the effects of PSBF applications on the phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics, phosphorus forms, and physicochemical properties, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency and rapidly enhancing the productivity of reclaimed mine soils.
Methods
2
The experiment was carried out in the reclamation experimental base of the mining subsidence area in Wujinshan Town, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. Seven treatment plots were set up: no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer alone (CF), chemical fertilizer combined with PSBF (CFP), organic fertilizer alone (M), organic fertilizer combined with PSBF (MP), chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer (MCF), and chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with PSBF (MCFP). Soil samples from each treatment were collected for phosphorus adsorption kinetics experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity, maximum buffering capacity, adsorption saturation, maximum desorption amount, and desorption rate were calculated. The relationships between soil phosphorus forms, soil physicochemical properties, and the amounts of phosphorus adsorption and desorption were analyzed.
Results
2
The treatments with PSBF reduced soil phosphorus adsorption amount and increased soil phosphorus desorption amount compared with the corresponding treatments without PSBF. The MP treatment exhibited the highest maximum desorption amount and desorption rate of soil phosphorus, increasing by 32.87%-276.90% and 38.76%-386.91%, respectively, compared to other treatments. With the PSBF application, the contents of soil active phosphorus and moderately active phosphorus increased by 2.69%-7.29% and 3.64%-8.96%, respectively, while the content of stable phosphorus decreased by 2.14%-2.29%. Compared with soils without PSBF, soils treated with PSBF had higher organic matter, available phosphorus, and total phosphorus contents, but the contents of aluminum hydrated oxides/hydroxides and exchangeable calcium decreased significantly by 12.96%-15.71% and 10.53%-12.45%, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that active phosphorus was the main common influencing factor of phosphorus adsorption-desorption characteristics in the treatments without and with PSBF, and the explanation rates were 16.80% and 77.20%, respectively.
Conclusion
2
The PSBF application inhibits soil phosphorus adsorption and promotes phosphorus desorption, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of exogenous phosphorus. It weakens the regulatory effect of exchangeable calcium on phosphorus adsorption-desorption processes, increases soil available phosphorus, and significantly improves soil aggregate stability and maize yield. Among all treatments, organic fertilizer combined with PSBF shows the greatest improvement in phosphorus availability in reclaimed soil.
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