1.北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与水土风沙灾害风险防控全国重点实验室,北京 100875
2.北京师范大学地理科学学部地理学院,北京 100875
王健衡(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀机理研究。E-mail:202321051019@mail.bnu.edu.cn
杨扬(1987—),女,博士,副教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:yang.yang@bnu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-08-13,
修回:2025-09-20,
录用:2025-09-29,
网络首发:2025-12-19,
纸质出版:2026-04-01
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王健衡,李成奥,杨扬,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区切沟形态特征对典型草本根系类型与密度的响应[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):264-274.
WANG Jianheng, LI Chengao, YANG Yang, et al. Responses of gully morphological characteristics to typical herbaceous root type and density in the loess hilly-gully region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(2):264-274.
王健衡,李成奥,杨扬,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区切沟形态特征对典型草本根系类型与密度的响应[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):264-274. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.011. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.011.
WANG Jianheng, LI Chengao, YANG Yang, et al. Responses of gully morphological characteristics to typical herbaceous root type and density in the loess hilly-gully region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,40(2):264-274. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.011. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.011.
目的
2
研究草本根系类型与密度对切沟侵蚀的定量影响,对于深入理解植物根系调控切沟侵蚀的作用机理具有重要意义。
方法
2
选取黄土丘陵沟壑区典型坡面,种植直根系(紫花苜蓿)和须根系(无芒雀麦)草本植物,通过设置不同种植行距模拟根系密度梯度,以裸地为对照,开展野外放水冲刷试验,利用运动恢复结构摄影测量法获取试验前、后的地表DEM,分析根系类型与密度对切沟侵蚀及切沟主要形态参数的影响。
结果
2
1)
在同一种植行距条件下,相比直根系处理,须根系处理的切沟规模明显较小,其切沟周长、面积和体积仅分别为前者的28%、13%和6%,沟道形态较复杂、破碎。2) 除周长和宽深比外,各切沟形态参数均与根重密度显著相关(
p
<
0.05)。随着根重密度的增大,切沟长度、最大表面宽度、最大和平均深度线性减小,减小速率为0.40~9.35 m
2
/kg;切沟平均表面宽度、面积和体积呈指数下降趋势,对应的指数系数分别为-1.83、-3.76和-5.48;切沟周长-面积比呈指数上升趋势,指数系数为2.04;切沟宽深比则呈先增后减趋势,在根重密度0.23 kg/m
3
时达到最大。
结论
2
提高草本植物尤其是须根系植物的根系密度,可有效遏制切沟扩张。研究结果可为黄土丘陵沟壑区的切沟侵蚀防控提供科学依据。
Objective
2
Plant roots can enhance rainwater infiltration, improve soil erosion resistance, thereby effectively control soil erosion. However, few attempts have been made so far to examine the influence of plant roots on gully erosion. The objective of the current study was to systematically evaluate the impact of herbaceous root type and density on gully erosion and gully morphology.
Methods
2
Typical slopes with consistent slope gradient of 25° were selected in the loess hilly-gully region, on which a total of 16 runoff plots were established, i. e., each with a length of 8 m and a width of 0.7 m. Among these plots, 3 were kept fallow as the contrast (CK), 3 were grown with the taproot grass alfafa (
Medicago sativa
L.) in a typical row spacing of 15 cm (TR15). Whereas in the remaining 10 plots, the awnless brome (
Bromus inermis
Leyss.) with fibrous root systems (FR) were planted with five different row spacings, i. e., 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm, to simulate varying root densities. On each plot, a field
in situ
scouring experiments was performed at a constant flow rate of 1.5 L/s for 90 min. The Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry was employed to acquire the digital orthophoto maps (DOMs) and digital elevation models (DEMs) before and after the scouring experiment, which were later used to estimate gully erosion volume and to extract a total of 10 gully morphological parameters, i. e., length, maximum and mean surface widths,
maximum and mean depths, perimeter, area, volume, width-depth ratio and perimeter-area ratio. Soil samples were also collected before the scouring experiment to measure root mass density (RMD) of four different soil layers, i. e., 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm.
Results
2
The results revealed stronger containing effects on gully erosion by the fibrous root system compared to the taproot one. Grown with the same row spacing of 15 cm, the gully erosion volume and gully size in the runoff plots with the fibrous root grass (FR15) were apparently smaller than those in TR15. The perimeter, area and volume of the gullies measured in FR15 were only 28%, 13%, and 6% of those in TR15, respectively. In addition, the perimeter-area ratios reflecting the complexity of the gully shape were remarkably higher in FR15 than in TR15, indicating more complex and fragmented gullies in the fibrous root treatments. Gully morphology was also significantly affected by root density. Except for perimeter and width-depth ratio, all the gully morphological parameters investigated were found to be significantly correlated with RMD of one soil layer at least (
p
<
0.05), according to the Pearson′s correlation analysis. Moreover, only the perimeter-area ratio was significantly positively associated with RMD; while the other interactions, if significant, were all negative. Using regression analysis, the gully length, maximum surface width, maximum and mean depth were found to decrease linearly with RMD at the rates between 0.40-9.35 m
2
/kg. Whereas with increasing RMD, the mean surface width, area and volume decreased exponentially, and the corresponding exponential coefficients were -1.83, -3.76, and -5.48, respectively. In contrast, the perimeter-area ratio increased exponentially with RMD, and the corresponding exponential coefficient was 2.04. The width-depth ratio exhibited an increasing-then-decreasing trend overall when RMD increased. According to the quadratic function us
ed to fit their relationship, the width-depth ratio reached the maximum when RMD was approximately 0.23 kg/m
3
.
Conclusion
2
It is implied that increasing the root density of herbaceous plants, especially those with the fibrous root systems, can effectively contain gully erosion. These findings can provide a valuable reference for gully erosion control in the loess hilly-gully region.
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