1.西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州 730070
2.北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京 100875
陈磊(1994—),男,博士,讲师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:leichen@nwnu.edu.cn
张卓栋(1984—),男,博士,教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:zzhang@bnu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-08-07,
修回:2025-09-13,
录用:2025-09-26,
网络首发:2025-11-21,
纸质出版:2026-04-01
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陈磊,张卓栋.东北黑土区林草地开垦为农田70 a后对土壤性质和土壤可蚀性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):103-113.
CHEN Lei, ZHANG Zhuodong. Effects of 70-Year Conversion from Forest and Grassland to Cropland on Soil Properties and Erodibility in Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,
陈磊,张卓栋.东北黑土区林草地开垦为农田70 a后对土壤性质和土壤可蚀性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):103-113. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.006. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.006.
CHEN Lei, ZHANG Zhuodong. Effects of 70-Year Conversion from Forest and Grassland to Cropland on Soil Properties and Erodibility in Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.006. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.006.
目的
2
为揭示长期人类活动对黑土质量的影响。
方法
2
通过探究鹤北小流域林草地开垦为农田70 a后土壤性质的变化特征,以5 cm为间隔,采集0~40 cm土层土样测定土壤理化性质。
结果
2
1)林地开垦为农地后,土壤质量含水量在0~10 cm土层降低44.2%,在15~40 cm土层增加34.4%;0~20 cm土层土壤孔隙度变小,田间持水量降低58.4%,20~40 cm土层土壤孔隙度变大,田间持水量增加23.0%。草地开垦为农地后,0~40 cm土层土壤质量含水量呈下降趋势,共减少38.4%,20~30 cm土层土壤总孔隙度增加8.1%,田间持水量增加5.5%。2)0~40 cm土层平均质量直径和几何平均直径分别增大0.76、0.48 mm;土壤结构稳定性指数在0~20 cm土层平均降低6.2%,土壤结构退化风险高,在20~40 cm土层平
均增加1.2%。草地开垦为农地后,15~30 cm土层平均质量直径和几何平均直径分别增加0.28、0.23 mm,0~40 cm土层土壤结构退化风险提高。3)林地开垦为农地后,0~20 cm土层土壤有机质质量分数平均降低3.21 g/kg,土壤可蚀性平均增加0.000 9 (t·hm
2
·h)/(MJ·mm);20~40 cm土层土壤有机质质量分数平均增加0.94 g/kg,土壤可蚀性平均降低0.000 3 (t·hm
2
·h)/(MJ·mm)。草地开垦为农地后,0~40 cm土层土壤有机质质量分数均降低,平均减少1.28 g/kg,导致土壤可蚀性平均增加0.000 8 (t·hm
2
·h)/(MJ·mm)。4)林地和草地开垦为农地后,土壤质地、结构稳定性指数、有机质与土壤可蚀性
K
因子之间的相关性增强。总体上,土壤性质与土壤可蚀性指标之间的相关性减弱。
结论
2
研究结果可为黑土区农田土壤退化和土壤侵蚀研究提供理论依据。
Objective
2
To reveal the long-term impacts of human activities on black soil quality.
Methods
2
In the Hebei small watershed, soil samples were collected at 5 cm intervals from the 0-40 cm soil layer to examine changes in soil properties after 70 years of converting forest and grassland to cropland. Basic soil physicochemical properties were measured.
Results
2
1) After forestland was converted to cropland, the soil gravimetric water content in the 0-10 cm soil layer decreased by 44.2%, while that in the 15-40 cm layer increased by 34.4%. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, soil porosity decreased and field capacity declined by 58.4%, whereas in the 20-40 cm soil layer, soil porosity increased and field capacity rose by 23.0%. After grassland was converted to cropland, the soil gravimetric water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer showed a declining trend, with an overall reduction of 38.4%. In the 20-30 cm layer, total soil porosity increased by 8.1%, and field capacity improved by 5.5%. 2) The mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) in the 0-40 cm soil layer increased by an average of 0.76 mm and 0.48 mm, respectively. The soil structural stability index in the 0-20 cm layer decreased by an average of 6.2%, indicating a high risk of structural degradation, and increased by an average of 1.2% in the 20-40 cm soil layer. When grassland was converted to cropland, the
MWD and GMD in the 15-30 cm layer increased by an average of 0.28 mm and 0.23 mm, respectively, and the risk of soil structure degradation increased in the 0-40 cm soil layer. 3) After forestland was converted to cropland, the soil organic matter (SOM) mass fraction in the 0-20 cm soil layer decreased by an average of 3.21 g/kg, while the soil erodibility increased by 0.000 9 (t·hm
2
·h)/(MJ·mm) on average. In contrast, the 20-40 cm soil layer exhibited an average increase in SOM mass fraction of 0.94 g/kg, accompanied by an average reduction in soil erodibility of 0.000 3 (t·hm
2
·h)/(MJ·mm). After grassland was converted to cropland, the SOM mass fraction in the 0-40 cm soil layer decreased by 1.28 g/kg on average, leading to an average increase in soil erodibility of 0.000 8 (t·hm
2
·h)/(MJ·mm). 4) Following the conversion of forest and grassland to cropland, the correlations among soil texture, structural stability index, SOM, and soil erodibility
K
-factor were enhanced. Overall, the correlations between soil properties and soil erodibility indicators weakened.
Conclusion
2
This study provides a scientific basis for research on farmland soil degradation and soil erosion in the black soil region.
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