1.西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所),陕西 杨凌 712100
2.北京师范大学 地理科学学部,北京 100875
3.北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京 100875
吴柯燃(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持研究。E-mail:3209901320@qq.com
李秧秧(1967—),女,博士,研究员,主要从事土壤-植物系统物质运移研究。E-mail:yyli@ms.iswc.ac.cn
收稿:2025-06-16,
修回:2025-07-30,
录用:2025-08-25,
网络首发:2025-11-18,
纸质出版:2026-04-01
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吴柯燃,李秧秧,王志强.模拟侵蚀、施肥和采样时间对东北黑土区土壤性质和质量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):38-47.
WU Keran, LI Yangyang, WANG Zhiqiang. Influence of Simulated Erosion, Fertilization, and Sampling Time on Soil Properties and Quality in Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,
吴柯燃,李秧秧,王志强.模拟侵蚀、施肥和采样时间对东北黑土区土壤性质和质量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2026,40(2):38-47. DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.002. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.002.
WU Keran, LI Yangyang, WANG Zhiqiang. Influence of Simulated Erosion, Fertilization, and Sampling Time on Soil Properties and Quality in Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.02.002. CSTR: 32310.14.stbcxb.2026.02.002.
目的
2
土壤侵蚀是导致东北黑土区土壤退化和土地生产力下降的主要原因之一,施肥是增加土壤肥力和生产力的主要措施。模拟侵蚀、施肥和采样时间等协同作用下对土壤性质和质量的影响尚不清楚。基于1个18 a的长期侵蚀模拟试验,研究了模拟侵蚀强度、施肥和玉米生育期不同采样时间对土壤性质和质量影响的主效应和相互作用大小。
方法
2
试验设置模拟侵蚀强度和施肥2个因素,其中模拟侵蚀强度设8个梯度,分别为0、10、20、30、40、50、60、70 cm的侵蚀深度,施肥设不施肥和按当地大田方式施肥,试验采用完全随机区组设计,在玉米不同生育期采样测定13个表层土壤性质,分别为重量含水量、pH、有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及脲酶、过氧化氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素酶的活性。
结果
2
随模拟侵蚀强度增加,有机碳、碱解氮、微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及脲酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素酶活性显著下降,速效钾含量显著增加,过氧化氢酶活性呈现“U”形变化。施肥导致有机碳、碱解氮、速效磷、微生物生物量磷、脲酶和纤维素酶活性显著增加,pH、速效钾和过氧化氢酶活性显著下降;采样时间显著影响12个土壤性质,不同土壤性质的季节变化模式不同。模拟侵蚀和其他因素之间不存在或很少存在交互作用,但施肥和季节对13个土壤性质中的8个存在显著的交互作用。模拟侵蚀导致土壤质量指数显著下降,且主要发生在侵蚀深度为30 cm前,施肥可使土壤质量指数提升12%,土壤质量指数在9月最高,在8月最低。
结论
2
研究结果阐释了模拟侵蚀强度、施肥和采样时间对土壤性质和质量影响的主效应和交互作用,对黑土土壤退化过程的动态评估及其修复有一定指导价值。
Objective
2
Soil erosion is one of the major causes of soil degradation and land productivity deterioration in the black soil region of northeast China, and fertilization is a primary measure to improve soil fertility and productivity. The combined effects of simulated erosion, fertilization, and sampling time on soil properties and quality remain unclear. Based on an 18-year long-term simulated erosion experiment, this study investigates the main effects and interactions of simulated erosion intensity, fertilization, and different sampling times during the maize growth stages on soil properties and quality.
Methods
2
The experiment included two factors: simulated erosion intensity and fertilization. Simulated erosion intensity was set at eight gradients, corresponding to erosion depths of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 cm. Fertilization treatments included no fertilization and fertilization according to local field practice. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design. Thirteen surface soil properties were measured at different maize growth stages: gravimetric water content, pH, organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as the activities of urease, catalase,
β
-glucosidase, and cellulase.
Results
2
With increasing simulated erosion intensity, organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, urease,
β
-glucosidase, and cellulase activities significantly decreased. The available potassium content significantly increased, and catalase activity showed a "U"-shaped trend. Fertilization significantly increased organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus, urease, and cellulase activities, while significantly decreasing pH, available potassium, and catalase activity. Sampling time significantly affected 12 soil properties, and seasonal variation patterns differed among soil properties. There were few or no interactions between simulated erosion and other factors, but fertilization and season exhibited significant interactions for 8 out of 13 soil properties. Simulated erosion significantly reduced the soil quality index, with most of the decline occurring before 30 cm of erosion depth. Fertilization increased the soil quality index by 12%, with the highest value observed in September and the lowest value in August.
Conclusion
2
The findings clarify the main effects and interaction effects of simulated erosion intensity, fertilization, and sampling time on soil properties and quality, providing guidance for dynamic assessment and remediation of black soil degradation.
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