减氮配施缓释氮肥对棉田土壤酶活性和氮素吸收利用的影响

邱悦; 杨晓燕; 李天胜; 李文瑞玉; 王唯举; 王海江

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.03.042

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减氮配施缓释氮肥对棉田土壤酶活性和氮素吸收利用的影响

更新时间：2026-04-09

- 减氮配施缓释氮肥对棉田土壤酶活性和氮素吸收利用的影响
- Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme Activity and Nitrogen Uptake in Cotton Field
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第3期页码：294-302
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 石河子大学农学院, 绿洲生态农业兵团重点实验室,新疆,石河子,832000
  2. 太尔(广东)有限公司,广东,肇庆,856105
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "邱悦(1998-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事新型肥料与现代施肥技术研究。E-mail:2289773396@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(42161042);兵团科技攻关重点研发项目(2018AA004,2020AB018);石河子大学高层次人才基金项目(RCZK20208)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.03.042
  中图分类号： S562;S143.1
- 网络首发：2022-05-27，
  
  纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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邱悦, 杨晓燕, 李天胜, 等. 减氮配施缓释氮肥对棉田土壤酶活性和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(3):294-302.

QIU Yue, YANG Xiaoyan, LI Tiansheng, et al. Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme Activity and Nitrogen Uptake in Cotton Field[J]. 2022, 36(3): 294-302.
邱悦, 杨晓燕, 李天胜, 等. 减氮配施缓释氮肥对棉田土壤酶活性和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(3):294-302. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.03.042.

QIU Yue, YANG Xiaoyan, LI Tiansheng, et al. Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme Activity and Nitrogen Uptake in Cotton Field[J]. 2022, 36(3): 294-302. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.03.042.

摘要

为探明减氮配施缓释氮肥对棉田土壤酶活性和氮素吸收利用的影响

通过试验研究减氮、配施不同比例缓释氮肥对棉花土壤理化性质、酶活性、无机氮含量、氮肥利用率及棉花产量的影响。试验选用"新陆早64号"棉花品种

设置2种施氮方式

分别为常规全施尿素(T2)和缓释氮肥与尿素不同比例配施(US)

配施处理按照施氮量设3个水平

分别为不减氮U0.8S0.2(T3)、U0.6S0.4(T4)

减氮20% U0.6S0.2(T5)、U0.4S0.4(T6)

减氮40% U0.4S0.2(T7)、U0.2S0.4(T8)

不施氮肥(T1)为对照

共8个处理。对棉花不同生育期内土壤的理化性质、酶活性、无机氮含量及成熟期棉花氮素含量和产量进行测定与分析

并计算氮肥利用率。结果表明:与常规全施尿素相比

配施缓释氮肥能显著提高土壤含水量和全氮含量

其中

以缓释氮肥与尿素4∶6配施(T4)处理的土壤含水量最大

较常规全施尿素(T2)在棉花苗期、蕾期、花期、铃期和吐絮期分别提高了14.07%

11.05%

7.58%

6.22%

6.65%;T4处理的土壤全氮在花期显著高于常规全施尿素(T2)处理

达到1.24 g/kg。减氮20%配施缓释氮肥(T5、T6)处理各生育时期的土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和铵硝态氮含量与常规全施尿素(T2)间无显著差异

减氮20%配施缓释氮肥(T5、T6)处理成熟期土壤脲酶活性与硝态氮含量较不减氮T4处理分别减少了28.20%

26.40%和11.13%

8.32%。此外

减氮20%(T5、T6)处理的氮肥利用率显著高于常规全施尿素(T2)处理

分别为62.09%和62.43%

产量及其构成因素与常规全施尿素(T2)间无显著差异。综上

减氮20%配施缓释氮肥(T5、T6)处理与常规全施尿素(T2)处理相比土壤酶活性、无机氮含量及产量差异不显著

氮肥利用率显著高于T2处理

可以确保棉花全生育期的氮素供给

避免[JP]氮素的大量浪费

达到棉花高产及氮肥高效利用的目的。

Abstract

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with slow release nitrogen fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and nitrogen absorption and utilization in cotton field

the effects of nitrogen reduction and different proportions of slow release nitrogen fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties

enzyme activity

inorganic nitrogen content

nitrogen use efficiency and cotton yield were studied. The cotton variety "Xinluzao 64" was used in the experiment. Two nitrogen application methods were set up:The conventional total urea (T2) and slow release nitrogen fertilizer combined with urea (US). The combined application treatments were set at three levels according to the nitrogen application rate

namely

no nitrogen reduction

U0.8S0.2 (T3) and U0.6S0.4 (T4) (the subscript values refer to the proportion of urea and slow release fertilier in the total nitrogen); nitrogen reduction of 20%

U0.6S0.2 (T5) and U0.4S0.4 (T6); nitrogen reduction of 40%

U0.4S0.2 (T7) and U0.2S0.4 (T8); and no nitrogen application (T1) as the control

with a total of eight treatments. The soil physical and chemical properties

enzyme activity

inorganic nitrogen content

nitrogen content and yield of cotton at different growth stages were measured and analyzed

and the nitrogen use efficiency was calculated. The results showed that compared with the conventional total application of urea

the combined application of slow release nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase the soil water content and total nitrogen content. Among them

the soil water content of T4 was the highest

which was 14.07%

11.05%

7.58%

6.22% and 6.65% higher than that of T2 at the seedling stage

bud stage

flowering stage

boll stage and boll opening stage of cotton

respectively. The soil total nitrogen of T4 was significantly higher than that of T2 at flowering stage

reaching 1.24 g/kg. There was no significant difference in soil urease activity

sucrase activity

catalase activity

alkaline phosphatase activity and ammonium nitrate content between the treatments of T5

T6 and T2 at each growth stage. The soil urease activity and nitrate content in the mature stage of the treatments of T5 and T6 decreased by 28.20%

26.40% and 11.13%

8.32%

respectively

compared with the T4. In addition

the nitrogen use efficiencies of T5 and T6 were significantly higher than that of T2

by 62.09% and 62.43%

respectively. But there was no significant difference in yield and its components. In summary

the soil enzyme activity

inorganic nitrogen content and yield of the treatment with 20% nitrogen reduction combined with slow release nitrogen fertilizer (T5

T6) were not significantly different from those of the conventional (T2)

and the nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher

which could ensure the nitrogen supply in the whole growth period of cotton

avoid the nitrogen waste

and achieve the purposes of high yield and efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer.

关键词

Keywords

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