覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯阶段耗水量特征和产量的影响

纪文宁; 程宏波; 李亚伟; 兰雪梅; 钱玉平; 柴守玺; 常磊

doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.03.033

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覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯阶段耗水量特征和产量的影响

更新时间：2026-04-09

- 覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯阶段耗水量特征和产量的影响
- Effects of Mulching Methods on Water Consumption and Yield of Potato in Dryland Farming
- 水土保持学报 2022年36卷第3期页码：228-235
- 作者机构：
  
  1. 甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,兰州,730070
  2. 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州,730070
  3. 甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州,730070
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "纪文宁(1997-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事作物栽培及生态生理研究。E-mail:372521863@qq.com" ]
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金项目(31760362,31760373)
- DOI：10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.03.033
  中图分类号： S314
- 网络首发：2022-05-27，
  
  纸质出版：2022
- 稿件说明：
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纪文宁, 程宏波, 李亚伟, 等. 覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯阶段耗水量特征和产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(3):228-235.

JI Wenning, CHENG Hongbo, LI Yawei, et al. Effects of Mulching Methods on Water Consumption and Yield of Potato in Dryland Farming[J]. 2022, 36(3): 228-235.
纪文宁, 程宏波, 李亚伟, 等. 覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯阶段耗水量特征和产量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022,36(3):228-235. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.03.033.

JI Wenning, CHENG Hongbo, LI Yawei, et al. Effects of Mulching Methods on Water Consumption and Yield of Potato in Dryland Farming[J]. 2022, 36(3): 228-235. DOI： 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2022.03.033.

摘要

为明确不同覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯田土壤耗水、耗水规律、水分利用效率、产量及产量形成的影响

在陇中半干旱农区设置了玉米秸秆带状双行覆盖(SSM2)、玉米秸秆带状单行覆盖(SSM1)、玉米秸秆全覆盖(SFM)、地膜春覆盖(PMS)和地膜秋覆盖(PMA)5种覆盖方式

以传统露地平作为对照(CK)。结果表明:2年试验中

玉米秸秆带状覆盖和地膜覆盖处理土壤贮水消耗量较CK分别增加13.5

14.8 mm。玉米秸秆带状覆盖能显著提高降水对马铃薯耗水贡献率

不同降雨年型内均以SSM2处理贡献率最高

2年分别为95.6%和94.3%。于CK相比

覆盖处理均降低了生育前期(播种-块茎形成期)耗水量

地膜覆盖显著增加了生育中期(块茎形成期-淀粉积累期)耗水量

玉米秸秆带状覆盖显著增加了生育后期(淀粉积累期-收获期)的耗水量。玉米秸秆带状覆盖和地膜覆盖分别能使马铃薯干薯产量增加27.9%和24.2%

干薯水分利用效率提高23.1%和19.3%。综上可知

玉米秸秆带状覆盖处理能显著增加马铃薯生育时期内农田土壤贮水消耗量

并改善马铃薯生育前期和生育后期耗水

减少旱地马铃薯农田无效耗水

能显著提高马铃薯干薯产量和水分利用效率。

Abstract

In order to determine the effects of different mulching methods on soil water depletion

water consumption patterns

water use efficiency

yield and yield formation in dryland potato fields

five mulching methods

including whole maize straw strip double row mulching (SSM2)

whole maize straw strip single row mulching (SSM1)

full mulching of maize straw (SFM)

plastic film spring mulching (PMS) and plastic film autumn mulching (PMA)

were set up in the semi-arid agricultural region of Longzhong

with the traditional bare land as the control (CK). The results showed that compared with CK

Soil water consumption increased by 13.5 and 14.8 mm for the whole maize straw strip mulching and plastic film mulching. The whole maize straw strip mulching could significantly increase the contribution of precipitation to potato water consumption

the highest contribution was found in SSM2 in different rainfall year types

95.6% and 94.3% respectively in two years. Compared with CK

all mulching treatments reduced water consumption in the early growth stage (from sowing to tuber initiation)

the whole maize straw strip mulching increased water consumption in the later growth stage (from starch accumulation to harvest)

and the plastic film mulching increased water consumption in the middle growth stage (from tuber initiation to starch accumulation). The whole maize straw strip mulching and plastic film mulching increased drying tuber yield of potatoes by 27.9% and 24.2%

and water use efficiency increased by 23.1% and 19.3%. In conclusion

it can be seen that the whole maize straw strip mulching could significantly increase the soil water storage consumption during the full growth stage of potato

and improve the water consumption in the early and later growth stages

reduce the inefficient water consumption in dryland potato farms

and significantly improve drying tuber yield and water use efficiency of potato.

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